Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the changes of carbohydrate composition in fermented total mixed diet and its effects on rumen fermentation, methane production, and rumen microbiome in vitro. The concentrate-to-forage ratio of the total mixed ration (TMR) was 4:6, and TMR was ensil...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.738334/full |
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| author | Yang Li Jingyi Lv Jihong Wang Shuang Zhou Guangning Zhang Bingdong Wei Yukun Sun Yaxue Lan Xiujing Dou Yonggen Zhang |
| author_facet | Yang Li Jingyi Lv Jihong Wang Shuang Zhou Guangning Zhang Bingdong Wei Yukun Sun Yaxue Lan Xiujing Dou Yonggen Zhang |
| author_sort | Yang Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the changes of carbohydrate composition in fermented total mixed diet and its effects on rumen fermentation, methane production, and rumen microbiome in vitro. The concentrate-to-forage ratio of the total mixed ration (TMR) was 4:6, and TMR was ensiled with lactic acid bacteria and fibrolytic enzymes. The results showed that different TMRs had different carbohydrate compositions and subfractions, fermentation characteristics, and bacterial community diversity. After fermentation, the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) group had lower contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, starch, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and carbohydrates. In addition, lactic acid content and relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the FTMR group were higher. Compared with the TMR group, the in vitro ammonia nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid concentrations and the molar proportion of propionate and butyrate were increased in the FTMR group. However, the ruminal pH, molar proportion of acetate, and methane production were significantly decreased in the FTMR group. Notably, we found that the relative abundance of ruminal bacteria was higher in FTMR than in TMR samples, including Prevotella, Coprococcus, and Oscillospira. At the same time, we found that the diversity of methanogens in the FTMR group was lower than that in the TMR group. The relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter significantly decreased, while the relative abundances of Methanoplanus and vadinCA11 increased. The relative abundances of Entodinium and Pichia significantly decreased in the FTMR group compared with the TMR group. These results suggest that FTMR can be used as an environmentally cleaner technology in animal farming due to its ability to improve ruminal fermentation, modulate the rumen microbiome, and reduce methane emissions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T16:46:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-67772cc806bb440da35c85dec93cedbf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T16:46:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-67772cc806bb440da35c85dec93cedbf2022-12-21T19:32:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-11-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.738334738334Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and MicrobiomeYang Li0Jingyi Lv1Jihong Wang2Shuang Zhou3Guangning Zhang4Bingdong Wei5Yukun Sun6Yaxue Lan7Xiujing Dou8Yonggen Zhang9College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, ChinaJilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, ChinaCollege of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, ChinaThe purpose of this experiment was to investigate the changes of carbohydrate composition in fermented total mixed diet and its effects on rumen fermentation, methane production, and rumen microbiome in vitro. The concentrate-to-forage ratio of the total mixed ration (TMR) was 4:6, and TMR was ensiled with lactic acid bacteria and fibrolytic enzymes. The results showed that different TMRs had different carbohydrate compositions and subfractions, fermentation characteristics, and bacterial community diversity. After fermentation, the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) group had lower contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, starch, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and carbohydrates. In addition, lactic acid content and relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the FTMR group were higher. Compared with the TMR group, the in vitro ammonia nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid concentrations and the molar proportion of propionate and butyrate were increased in the FTMR group. However, the ruminal pH, molar proportion of acetate, and methane production were significantly decreased in the FTMR group. Notably, we found that the relative abundance of ruminal bacteria was higher in FTMR than in TMR samples, including Prevotella, Coprococcus, and Oscillospira. At the same time, we found that the diversity of methanogens in the FTMR group was lower than that in the TMR group. The relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter significantly decreased, while the relative abundances of Methanoplanus and vadinCA11 increased. The relative abundances of Entodinium and Pichia significantly decreased in the FTMR group compared with the TMR group. These results suggest that FTMR can be used as an environmentally cleaner technology in animal farming due to its ability to improve ruminal fermentation, modulate the rumen microbiome, and reduce methane emissions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.738334/fullfermented total mixed rationcarbohydrate componentmethane yieldruminal fermentationrumen microbiome |
| spellingShingle | Yang Li Jingyi Lv Jihong Wang Shuang Zhou Guangning Zhang Bingdong Wei Yukun Sun Yaxue Lan Xiujing Dou Yonggen Zhang Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome Frontiers in Microbiology fermented total mixed ration carbohydrate component methane yield ruminal fermentation rumen microbiome |
| title | Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome |
| title_full | Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome |
| title_fullStr | Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome |
| title_full_unstemmed | Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome |
| title_short | Changes in Carbohydrate Composition in Fermented Total Mixed Ration and Its Effects on in vitro Methane Production and Microbiome |
| title_sort | changes in carbohydrate composition in fermented total mixed ration and its effects on in vitro methane production and microbiome |
| topic | fermented total mixed ration carbohydrate component methane yield ruminal fermentation rumen microbiome |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.738334/full |
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