Methamphetamine Increases the Proportion of SIV-Infected Microglia/Macrophages, Alters Metabolic Pathways, and Elevates Cell Death Pathways: A Single-Cell Analysis
Both substance use disorder and HIV infection continue to affect many individuals. Both have untoward effects on the brain, and the two conditions often co-exist. In the brain, macrophages and microglia are infectable by HIV, and these cells are also targets for the effects of drugs of abuse, such a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/11/1297 |
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| author | Meng Niu Brenda Morsey Benjamin G. Lamberty Katy Emanuel Fang Yu Rosiris León-Rivera Joan W. Berman Peter J. Gaskill Stephanie M. Matt Pawel S. Ciborowski Howard S. Fox |
| author_facet | Meng Niu Brenda Morsey Benjamin G. Lamberty Katy Emanuel Fang Yu Rosiris León-Rivera Joan W. Berman Peter J. Gaskill Stephanie M. Matt Pawel S. Ciborowski Howard S. Fox |
| author_sort | Meng Niu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Both substance use disorder and HIV infection continue to affect many individuals. Both have untoward effects on the brain, and the two conditions often co-exist. In the brain, macrophages and microglia are infectable by HIV, and these cells are also targets for the effects of drugs of abuse, such as the psychostimulant methamphetamine. To determine the interaction of HIV and methamphetamine, we isolated microglia and brain macrophages from SIV-infected rhesus monkeys that were treated with or without methamphetamine. Cells were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing and results were analyzed by statistical and bioinformatic analysis. In the animals treated with methamphetamine, a significantly increased proportion of the microglia and/or macrophages were infected by SIV. In addition, gene encoding functions in cell death pathways were increased, and the brain-derived neurotropic factor pathway was inhibited. The gene expression patterns in infected cells did not cluster separately from uninfected cells, but clusters comprised of microglia and/or macrophages from methamphetamine-treated animals differed in neuroinflammatory and metabolic pathways from those comprised of cells from untreated animals. Methamphetamine increases CNS infection by SIV and has adverse effects on both infected and uninfected microglia and brain macrophages, highlighting the dual and interacting harms of HIV infection and drug abuse on the brain. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:53:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-67c48b901b6d45a8a402b3415c5eec96 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:53:53Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-67c48b901b6d45a8a402b3415c5eec962023-11-20T20:43:51ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-11-011211129710.3390/v12111297Methamphetamine Increases the Proportion of SIV-Infected Microglia/Macrophages, Alters Metabolic Pathways, and Elevates Cell Death Pathways: A Single-Cell AnalysisMeng Niu0Brenda Morsey1Benjamin G. Lamberty2Katy Emanuel3Fang Yu4Rosiris León-Rivera5Joan W. Berman6Peter J. Gaskill7Stephanie M. Matt8Pawel S. Ciborowski9Howard S. Fox10Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USADepartment of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USADepartment of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USABoth substance use disorder and HIV infection continue to affect many individuals. Both have untoward effects on the brain, and the two conditions often co-exist. In the brain, macrophages and microglia are infectable by HIV, and these cells are also targets for the effects of drugs of abuse, such as the psychostimulant methamphetamine. To determine the interaction of HIV and methamphetamine, we isolated microglia and brain macrophages from SIV-infected rhesus monkeys that were treated with or without methamphetamine. Cells were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing and results were analyzed by statistical and bioinformatic analysis. In the animals treated with methamphetamine, a significantly increased proportion of the microglia and/or macrophages were infected by SIV. In addition, gene encoding functions in cell death pathways were increased, and the brain-derived neurotropic factor pathway was inhibited. The gene expression patterns in infected cells did not cluster separately from uninfected cells, but clusters comprised of microglia and/or macrophages from methamphetamine-treated animals differed in neuroinflammatory and metabolic pathways from those comprised of cells from untreated animals. Methamphetamine increases CNS infection by SIV and has adverse effects on both infected and uninfected microglia and brain macrophages, highlighting the dual and interacting harms of HIV infection and drug abuse on the brain.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/11/1297HIVSIVneuroHIVHIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)macrophagemicroglia |
| spellingShingle | Meng Niu Brenda Morsey Benjamin G. Lamberty Katy Emanuel Fang Yu Rosiris León-Rivera Joan W. Berman Peter J. Gaskill Stephanie M. Matt Pawel S. Ciborowski Howard S. Fox Methamphetamine Increases the Proportion of SIV-Infected Microglia/Macrophages, Alters Metabolic Pathways, and Elevates Cell Death Pathways: A Single-Cell Analysis Viruses HIV SIV neuroHIV HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) macrophage microglia |
| title | Methamphetamine Increases the Proportion of SIV-Infected Microglia/Macrophages, Alters Metabolic Pathways, and Elevates Cell Death Pathways: A Single-Cell Analysis |
| title_full | Methamphetamine Increases the Proportion of SIV-Infected Microglia/Macrophages, Alters Metabolic Pathways, and Elevates Cell Death Pathways: A Single-Cell Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Methamphetamine Increases the Proportion of SIV-Infected Microglia/Macrophages, Alters Metabolic Pathways, and Elevates Cell Death Pathways: A Single-Cell Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Methamphetamine Increases the Proportion of SIV-Infected Microglia/Macrophages, Alters Metabolic Pathways, and Elevates Cell Death Pathways: A Single-Cell Analysis |
| title_short | Methamphetamine Increases the Proportion of SIV-Infected Microglia/Macrophages, Alters Metabolic Pathways, and Elevates Cell Death Pathways: A Single-Cell Analysis |
| title_sort | methamphetamine increases the proportion of siv infected microglia macrophages alters metabolic pathways and elevates cell death pathways a single cell analysis |
| topic | HIV SIV neuroHIV HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) macrophage microglia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/11/1297 |
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