Is the endogenous ligand for PEAR1 a proteoglycan: clues from the sea
Platelet Endothelial Aggregation Receptor 1 (PEAR1) is an orphan receptor of unknown function which mediates powerful activation of platelets and endothelial cells in response to crosslinking by antibodies and sulfated polysaccharides belonging to the dextran and fucoidan families. PEAR1 is a single...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Platelets |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2020.1863938 |
| _version_ | 1797684137230860288 |
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| author | Caroline Kardeby Foteini-Nafsika Damaskinaki Yi Sun Stephen P. Watson |
| author_facet | Caroline Kardeby Foteini-Nafsika Damaskinaki Yi Sun Stephen P. Watson |
| author_sort | Caroline Kardeby |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Platelet Endothelial Aggregation Receptor 1 (PEAR1) is an orphan receptor of unknown function which mediates powerful activation of platelets and endothelial cells in response to crosslinking by antibodies and sulfated polysaccharides belonging to the dextran and fucoidan families. PEAR1 is a single transmembrane protein composed of 15 epidermal growth factor-like repeat sequences and with a conserved binding motif, YXXM, which when phosphorylated binds to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). The 13th of the repeats has a heparin-binding sequence that is the site of interaction with the sulfated fucoidans and the only known endogenous ligand FcεRIα. Crosslinking of PEAR1 drives Src family kinase phosphorylation of the cytosolic tail leading to binding and activation of PI3K. In this Opinion Article, we summarize the literature on PEAR1 expression, structure and signaling, and the search for further endogenous ligands. We highlight one article in which phosphorylation of a 150 kDa platelet protein by heparin-containing ligands has been reported and propose that PEAR1 is a receptor for one or more glycosaminoglycan-conjugated proteins (proteoglycans). The up-regulation of PEAR1 at sites of inflammation in the vasculature and its role in angiogenesis suggests a role in the interplay of inflammation, platelets, coagulation, and thromboinflammation. We speculate that this may explain the link between single nucleotide variants in PEAR1 and cardiovascular disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:25:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-685b281f4c8d4148b6179c0f74485509 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0953-7104 1369-1635 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:25:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Platelets |
| spelling | doaj.art-685b281f4c8d4148b6179c0f744855092023-09-15T10:38:09ZengTaylor & Francis GroupPlatelets0953-71041369-16352021-08-0132677978510.1080/09537104.2020.18639381863938Is the endogenous ligand for PEAR1 a proteoglycan: clues from the seaCaroline Kardeby0Foteini-Nafsika Damaskinaki1Yi Sun2Stephen P. Watson3Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of BirminghamInstitute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of BirminghamInstitute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of BirminghamInstitute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of BirminghamPlatelet Endothelial Aggregation Receptor 1 (PEAR1) is an orphan receptor of unknown function which mediates powerful activation of platelets and endothelial cells in response to crosslinking by antibodies and sulfated polysaccharides belonging to the dextran and fucoidan families. PEAR1 is a single transmembrane protein composed of 15 epidermal growth factor-like repeat sequences and with a conserved binding motif, YXXM, which when phosphorylated binds to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). The 13th of the repeats has a heparin-binding sequence that is the site of interaction with the sulfated fucoidans and the only known endogenous ligand FcεRIα. Crosslinking of PEAR1 drives Src family kinase phosphorylation of the cytosolic tail leading to binding and activation of PI3K. In this Opinion Article, we summarize the literature on PEAR1 expression, structure and signaling, and the search for further endogenous ligands. We highlight one article in which phosphorylation of a 150 kDa platelet protein by heparin-containing ligands has been reported and propose that PEAR1 is a receptor for one or more glycosaminoglycan-conjugated proteins (proteoglycans). The up-regulation of PEAR1 at sites of inflammation in the vasculature and its role in angiogenesis suggests a role in the interplay of inflammation, platelets, coagulation, and thromboinflammation. We speculate that this may explain the link between single nucleotide variants in PEAR1 and cardiovascular disease.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2020.1863938 |
| spellingShingle | Caroline Kardeby Foteini-Nafsika Damaskinaki Yi Sun Stephen P. Watson Is the endogenous ligand for PEAR1 a proteoglycan: clues from the sea Platelets |
| title | Is the endogenous ligand for PEAR1 a proteoglycan: clues from the sea |
| title_full | Is the endogenous ligand for PEAR1 a proteoglycan: clues from the sea |
| title_fullStr | Is the endogenous ligand for PEAR1 a proteoglycan: clues from the sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Is the endogenous ligand for PEAR1 a proteoglycan: clues from the sea |
| title_short | Is the endogenous ligand for PEAR1 a proteoglycan: clues from the sea |
| title_sort | is the endogenous ligand for pear1 a proteoglycan clues from the sea |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537104.2020.1863938 |
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