Co-expression of distinct L1 retrotransposon coiled coils can lead to their entanglement
Abstract L1 (LINE1) non-LTR retrotransposons are ubiquitous genomic parasites and the dominant transposable element in humans having generated about 40% of their genomic DNA during their ~ 100 million years (Myr) of activity in primates. L1 replicates in germ line cells and early embryos, causing ge...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Mobile DNA |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-023-00303-8 |
| _version_ | 1797452362695049216 |
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| author | Nikola A. Mizgier Charlie E. Jones Anthony V. Furano |
| author_facet | Nikola A. Mizgier Charlie E. Jones Anthony V. Furano |
| author_sort | Nikola A. Mizgier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract L1 (LINE1) non-LTR retrotransposons are ubiquitous genomic parasites and the dominant transposable element in humans having generated about 40% of their genomic DNA during their ~ 100 million years (Myr) of activity in primates. L1 replicates in germ line cells and early embryos, causing genetic diversity and defects, but can be active in some somatic stem cells, tumors and during aging. L1 encodes two proteins essential for retrotransposition: ORF2p, a reverse transcriptase that contains an endonuclease domain, and ORF1p, a coiled coil mediated homo trimer, which functions as a nucleic acid chaperone. Both proteins contain highly conserved domains and preferentially bind their encoding transcript to form an L1 ribonucleoprotein (RNP), which mediates retrotransposition. However, the coiled coil has periodically undergone episodes of substantial amino acid replacement to the extent that a given L1 family can concurrently express multiple ORF1s that differ in the sequence of their coiled coils. Here we show that such distinct ORF1p sequences can become entangled forming heterotrimers when co-expressed from separate vectors and speculate on how coiled coil entanglement could affect coiled coil evolution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:07:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-68c4bc9776bd459cb5e16c9588d5eda5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1759-8753 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:07:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mobile DNA |
| spelling | doaj.art-68c4bc9776bd459cb5e16c9588d5eda52023-11-26T13:34:29ZengBMCMobile DNA1759-87532023-10-011411810.1186/s13100-023-00303-8Co-expression of distinct L1 retrotransposon coiled coils can lead to their entanglementNikola A. Mizgier0Charlie E. Jones1Anthony V. Furano2Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of HealthLaboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of HealthLaboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, National Institutes of HealthAbstract L1 (LINE1) non-LTR retrotransposons are ubiquitous genomic parasites and the dominant transposable element in humans having generated about 40% of their genomic DNA during their ~ 100 million years (Myr) of activity in primates. L1 replicates in germ line cells and early embryos, causing genetic diversity and defects, but can be active in some somatic stem cells, tumors and during aging. L1 encodes two proteins essential for retrotransposition: ORF2p, a reverse transcriptase that contains an endonuclease domain, and ORF1p, a coiled coil mediated homo trimer, which functions as a nucleic acid chaperone. Both proteins contain highly conserved domains and preferentially bind their encoding transcript to form an L1 ribonucleoprotein (RNP), which mediates retrotransposition. However, the coiled coil has periodically undergone episodes of substantial amino acid replacement to the extent that a given L1 family can concurrently express multiple ORF1s that differ in the sequence of their coiled coils. Here we show that such distinct ORF1p sequences can become entangled forming heterotrimers when co-expressed from separate vectors and speculate on how coiled coil entanglement could affect coiled coil evolution.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-023-00303-8L1 retrotransposonL1 ORF1pCoiled coilsCoiled coil evolution |
| spellingShingle | Nikola A. Mizgier Charlie E. Jones Anthony V. Furano Co-expression of distinct L1 retrotransposon coiled coils can lead to their entanglement Mobile DNA L1 retrotransposon L1 ORF1p Coiled coils Coiled coil evolution |
| title | Co-expression of distinct L1 retrotransposon coiled coils can lead to their entanglement |
| title_full | Co-expression of distinct L1 retrotransposon coiled coils can lead to their entanglement |
| title_fullStr | Co-expression of distinct L1 retrotransposon coiled coils can lead to their entanglement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Co-expression of distinct L1 retrotransposon coiled coils can lead to their entanglement |
| title_short | Co-expression of distinct L1 retrotransposon coiled coils can lead to their entanglement |
| title_sort | co expression of distinct l1 retrotransposon coiled coils can lead to their entanglement |
| topic | L1 retrotransposon L1 ORF1p Coiled coils Coiled coil evolution |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13100-023-00303-8 |
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