Prediction of the Non-Isothermal Austenitization Kinetics of Fe-C-Cr Low Alloy Steels with Lamellar Pearlite Microstructure

The austenitization of low alloy steels during rapid heating processes was involved in many kinds of advanced heat treatment technologies. Most of the previous research on the austenitization kinetics was focused on the spherical pearlite microstructures, which were different from the lamellar pearl...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhiqiang Li, Shengyang Zhang, Yang He, Guangjie Xiong, Yude Liu, Fuyong Su
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-03-01
Series:Materials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/2131
_version_ 1797445674596302848
author Zhiqiang Li
Shengyang Zhang
Yang He
Guangjie Xiong
Yude Liu
Fuyong Su
author_facet Zhiqiang Li
Shengyang Zhang
Yang He
Guangjie Xiong
Yude Liu
Fuyong Su
author_sort Zhiqiang Li
collection DOAJ
description The austenitization of low alloy steels during rapid heating processes was involved in many kinds of advanced heat treatment technologies. Most of the previous research on the austenitization kinetics was focused on the spherical pearlite microstructures, which were different from the lamellar pearlite microstructures. In the present research, to predict the non-isothermal austenitization process of an Fe-C-Cr steel with lamellar pearlite, a novel 3-dimensional (3D) cellular automata model, which considered the influences of the coupling diffusion of Cr and C, and the interfacial diffusion between pearlite lamellae and the pearlite lamellar orientation, was established based on the thermodynamic equilibrium data obtained from the Thermo-Calc software and the simulation results of the DICTRA module. To clarify the influences of the heating rate on the austenitization kinetics and validate the simulation results, the austenitization processes of a Fe-1C-1.41Cr steel for different heating rates were studied with a series of dilatometric experiments. The good agreements between the cellular automata simulation results and the experimental results showed that the newly proposed cellular automata model is reasonable. The experimental results show an obvious change of the transition activity energies from the low to high heating rates. The transition from partitioning local equilibrium (PLE) to non-partitioning local equilibrium (NPLE) mechanisms was proved with DICTRA simulations. Basing on the simulation results, the influences of the pearlite lamellae orientation on the austenitization kinetics and the topological aspects of austenite grains were evaluated. In addition, the topological aspects of the rapidly austenitized grains were also compared to the normal grains.
first_indexed 2024-03-09T13:29:13Z
format Article
id doaj.art-68fd9439dd0047c484eba2548d3a2afe
institution Directory Open Access Journal
issn 1996-1944
language English
last_indexed 2024-03-09T13:29:13Z
publishDate 2022-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Materials
spelling doaj.art-68fd9439dd0047c484eba2548d3a2afe2023-11-30T21:20:03ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-03-01156213110.3390/ma15062131Prediction of the Non-Isothermal Austenitization Kinetics of Fe-C-Cr Low Alloy Steels with Lamellar Pearlite MicrostructureZhiqiang Li0Shengyang Zhang1Yang He2Guangjie Xiong3Yude Liu4Fuyong Su5School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, ChinaInstitute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, ChinaSchool of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, ChinaSchool of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, ChinaThe austenitization of low alloy steels during rapid heating processes was involved in many kinds of advanced heat treatment technologies. Most of the previous research on the austenitization kinetics was focused on the spherical pearlite microstructures, which were different from the lamellar pearlite microstructures. In the present research, to predict the non-isothermal austenitization process of an Fe-C-Cr steel with lamellar pearlite, a novel 3-dimensional (3D) cellular automata model, which considered the influences of the coupling diffusion of Cr and C, and the interfacial diffusion between pearlite lamellae and the pearlite lamellar orientation, was established based on the thermodynamic equilibrium data obtained from the Thermo-Calc software and the simulation results of the DICTRA module. To clarify the influences of the heating rate on the austenitization kinetics and validate the simulation results, the austenitization processes of a Fe-1C-1.41Cr steel for different heating rates were studied with a series of dilatometric experiments. The good agreements between the cellular automata simulation results and the experimental results showed that the newly proposed cellular automata model is reasonable. The experimental results show an obvious change of the transition activity energies from the low to high heating rates. The transition from partitioning local equilibrium (PLE) to non-partitioning local equilibrium (NPLE) mechanisms was proved with DICTRA simulations. Basing on the simulation results, the influences of the pearlite lamellae orientation on the austenitization kinetics and the topological aspects of austenite grains were evaluated. In addition, the topological aspects of the rapidly austenitized grains were also compared to the normal grains.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/2131austenitizationheating ratecoupling diffusionpearlite lamellae orientation3D cellular automata simulation
spellingShingle Zhiqiang Li
Shengyang Zhang
Yang He
Guangjie Xiong
Yude Liu
Fuyong Su
Prediction of the Non-Isothermal Austenitization Kinetics of Fe-C-Cr Low Alloy Steels with Lamellar Pearlite Microstructure
Materials
austenitization
heating rate
coupling diffusion
pearlite lamellae orientation
3D cellular automata simulation
title Prediction of the Non-Isothermal Austenitization Kinetics of Fe-C-Cr Low Alloy Steels with Lamellar Pearlite Microstructure
title_full Prediction of the Non-Isothermal Austenitization Kinetics of Fe-C-Cr Low Alloy Steels with Lamellar Pearlite Microstructure
title_fullStr Prediction of the Non-Isothermal Austenitization Kinetics of Fe-C-Cr Low Alloy Steels with Lamellar Pearlite Microstructure
title_full_unstemmed Prediction of the Non-Isothermal Austenitization Kinetics of Fe-C-Cr Low Alloy Steels with Lamellar Pearlite Microstructure
title_short Prediction of the Non-Isothermal Austenitization Kinetics of Fe-C-Cr Low Alloy Steels with Lamellar Pearlite Microstructure
title_sort prediction of the non isothermal austenitization kinetics of fe c cr low alloy steels with lamellar pearlite microstructure
topic austenitization
heating rate
coupling diffusion
pearlite lamellae orientation
3D cellular automata simulation
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/2131
work_keys_str_mv AT zhiqiangli predictionofthenonisothermalaustenitizationkineticsoffeccrlowalloysteelswithlamellarpearlitemicrostructure
AT shengyangzhang predictionofthenonisothermalaustenitizationkineticsoffeccrlowalloysteelswithlamellarpearlitemicrostructure
AT yanghe predictionofthenonisothermalaustenitizationkineticsoffeccrlowalloysteelswithlamellarpearlitemicrostructure
AT guangjiexiong predictionofthenonisothermalaustenitizationkineticsoffeccrlowalloysteelswithlamellarpearlitemicrostructure
AT yudeliu predictionofthenonisothermalaustenitizationkineticsoffeccrlowalloysteelswithlamellarpearlitemicrostructure
AT fuyongsu predictionofthenonisothermalaustenitizationkineticsoffeccrlowalloysteelswithlamellarpearlitemicrostructure