Pro-vitamin A content of red palm oil emulsions formed with malted bambara groundnut, Brachystegia eurycoma (achi) and cowpea
This research determined the effect of red palm oil emulsification with malts of Brachystegia eurycoma, bambara groundnut and cowpea on the pro-vitamin A content of the emulsions. Bambara groundnut, B. eurycoma (“achi”) and cowpea seeds were processed by malting for 96 hours and oven dried at 50 oC...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/449909 |
| _version_ | 1797384811125407744 |
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| author | Stella Obianuju Dioha Roseline Nwabugo Attaugwu Peter Orji Uvere |
| author_facet | Stella Obianuju Dioha Roseline Nwabugo Attaugwu Peter Orji Uvere |
| author_sort | Stella Obianuju Dioha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research determined the effect of red palm oil emulsification with malts of Brachystegia eurycoma, bambara groundnut and cowpea on the pro-vitamin A content of the emulsions. Bambara groundnut, B. eurycoma (“achi”) and cowpea seeds were processed by malting for 96 hours and oven dried at 50 oC before milling into flour. The malted flours were used to form emulsions with red palm oil. Pro-vitamin A contents of the emulsions were determined using standard methods and the results were as follows: B. eurycoma was in the range of 33.30 – 400.00 IU; bambara groundnut (66.67 – 333.33 IU) and cowpea (66.70 – 233.33). Emulsion stability tests indicated that the 72 and 96 hour malts gave stable emulsions after 3 hours. The emulsions obtained with the control, 72 and 96 hour malt were analyzed for anti-nutrient contents. Tannin ranged from 0.01 – 0.10 mg/100 g for achi, 0.03- 0.12 mg/100 g for bambara groundnut and 0.02 – 0.05 mg/100 g for cowpea malts, phytate was in the range of 0.03 – 1.09 mg/100 g for achi, 1.04 – 4.26 mg/100 g for bambara groundnut and 0.40 – 2.80 mg/100 g for cowpea. Malting of the achi seeds may have reduced the components that bind pro-vitamin A in the unmalted samples. Hence, malted achi is recommended for food fortification of plant based complementary foods to increase their pro-vitamin A content. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:45:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-69dd239f491444df9daac650b04b2940 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1847-3466 1848-9923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T21:45:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-69dd239f491444df9daac650b04b29402023-12-20T09:32:22ZengJosip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology OsijekCroatian Journal of Food Science and Technology1847-34661848-99232023-01-01152229236191Pro-vitamin A content of red palm oil emulsions formed with malted bambara groundnut, Brachystegia eurycoma (achi) and cowpeaStella Obianuju Dioha0Roseline Nwabugo Attaugwu1Peter Orji Uvere2University of Nigeria Nsukka, Department of Food Science and Technology, Nsukka, Enugu, NigeriaPrince Abubakar Audu University, Anyigba, Department of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, Anyigba, Kogi State, NigeriaUniversity of Nigeria Nsukka, Department of Food Science and Technology, Nsukka, Enugu, NigeriaThis research determined the effect of red palm oil emulsification with malts of Brachystegia eurycoma, bambara groundnut and cowpea on the pro-vitamin A content of the emulsions. Bambara groundnut, B. eurycoma (“achi”) and cowpea seeds were processed by malting for 96 hours and oven dried at 50 oC before milling into flour. The malted flours were used to form emulsions with red palm oil. Pro-vitamin A contents of the emulsions were determined using standard methods and the results were as follows: B. eurycoma was in the range of 33.30 – 400.00 IU; bambara groundnut (66.67 – 333.33 IU) and cowpea (66.70 – 233.33). Emulsion stability tests indicated that the 72 and 96 hour malts gave stable emulsions after 3 hours. The emulsions obtained with the control, 72 and 96 hour malt were analyzed for anti-nutrient contents. Tannin ranged from 0.01 – 0.10 mg/100 g for achi, 0.03- 0.12 mg/100 g for bambara groundnut and 0.02 – 0.05 mg/100 g for cowpea malts, phytate was in the range of 0.03 – 1.09 mg/100 g for achi, 1.04 – 4.26 mg/100 g for bambara groundnut and 0.40 – 2.80 mg/100 g for cowpea. Malting of the achi seeds may have reduced the components that bind pro-vitamin A in the unmalted samples. Hence, malted achi is recommended for food fortification of plant based complementary foods to increase their pro-vitamin A content.https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/449909pro-vitamin abrachystegia eurycomabambara groundnutcowpeamaltingemulsions |
| spellingShingle | Stella Obianuju Dioha Roseline Nwabugo Attaugwu Peter Orji Uvere Pro-vitamin A content of red palm oil emulsions formed with malted bambara groundnut, Brachystegia eurycoma (achi) and cowpea Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology pro-vitamin a brachystegia eurycoma bambara groundnut cowpea malting emulsions |
| title | Pro-vitamin A content of red palm oil emulsions formed with malted bambara groundnut, Brachystegia eurycoma (achi) and cowpea |
| title_full | Pro-vitamin A content of red palm oil emulsions formed with malted bambara groundnut, Brachystegia eurycoma (achi) and cowpea |
| title_fullStr | Pro-vitamin A content of red palm oil emulsions formed with malted bambara groundnut, Brachystegia eurycoma (achi) and cowpea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pro-vitamin A content of red palm oil emulsions formed with malted bambara groundnut, Brachystegia eurycoma (achi) and cowpea |
| title_short | Pro-vitamin A content of red palm oil emulsions formed with malted bambara groundnut, Brachystegia eurycoma (achi) and cowpea |
| title_sort | pro vitamin a content of red palm oil emulsions formed with malted bambara groundnut brachystegia eurycoma achi and cowpea |
| topic | pro-vitamin a brachystegia eurycoma bambara groundnut cowpea malting emulsions |
| url | https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/449909 |
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