The Role of Congestion Biomarkers in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

The Role of Congestion Biomarkers in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, edema and congestion are related to reduced cardiac function. Edema and congestion are further aggravated by chronic kidney failure and pulmonary abnormalities. Furthermore, together with edema/congestion, sodium/water retention is an important sign o...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Michele Correale, Francesco Fioretti, Lucia Tricarico, Francesca Croella, Natale Daniele Brunetti, Riccardo M. Inciardi, Anna Vittoria Mattioli, Savina Nodari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-06-01
Series:Journal of Clinical Medicine
Subjects:
biomarkers
congestion
edema
heart failure
HFrEF
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/11/3834

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/11/3834

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