The tide of dietary risks for noncommunicable diseases in Pacific Islands: an analysis of population NCD surveys
Abstract Objective To describe changes over time in dietary risk factor prevalence and non-communicable disease in Pacific Island Countries (PICTs). Methods Secondary analysis of data from 21,433 adults aged 25–69, who participated in nationally representative World Health Organization STEPs surveys...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMC
2022-08-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13808-3 |
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| author | Erica Reeve Prabhat Lamichhane Briar McKenzie Gade Waqa Jacqui Webster Wendy Snowdon Colin Bell |
| author_facet | Erica Reeve Prabhat Lamichhane Briar McKenzie Gade Waqa Jacqui Webster Wendy Snowdon Colin Bell |
| author_sort | Erica Reeve |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective To describe changes over time in dietary risk factor prevalence and non-communicable disease in Pacific Island Countries (PICTs). Methods Secondary analysis of data from 21,433 adults aged 25–69, who participated in nationally representative World Health Organization STEPs surveys in 8 Pacific Island Countries and Territories between 2002 and 2019. Outcomes of interest were changes in consumption of fruit and vegetables, hypertension, overweight and obesity, and hypercholesterolaemia over time. Also, salt intake and sugar sweetened beverage consumption for those countries that measured these. Results Over time, the proportion of adults consuming less than five serves of fruit and vegetables per day decreased in five countries, notably Tonga. From the most recent surveys, average daily intake of sugary drinks was high in Kiribati (3.7 serves), Nauru (4.1) and Tokelau (4.0) and low in the Solomon Islands (0.4). Average daily salt intake was twice that recommended by WHO in Tokelau (10.1 g) and Wallis and Futuna (10.2 g). Prevalence of overweight/obesity did not change over time in most countries but increased in Fiji and Tokelau. Hypertension prevalence increased in 6 of 8 countries. The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia decreased in the Cook Islands and Kiribati and increased in the Solomon Islands and Tokelau. Conclusions While some Pacific countries experienced reductions in diet related NCD risk factors over time, most did not. Most Pacific adults (88%) do not consume enough fruit and vegetables, 82% live with overweight or obesity, 33% live with hypertension and 40% live with hypercholesterolaemia. Population-wide approaches to promote fruit and vegetable consumption and reduce sugar, salt and fat intake need strengthening. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:23:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6b60d12d349a472aa35961461c2fa114 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:23:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-6b60d12d349a472aa35961461c2fa1142022-12-22T03:44:13ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582022-08-0122111210.1186/s12889-022-13808-3The tide of dietary risks for noncommunicable diseases in Pacific Islands: an analysis of population NCD surveysErica Reeve0Prabhat Lamichhane1Briar McKenzie2Gade Waqa3Jacqui Webster4Wendy Snowdon5Colin Bell6Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin UniversitySchool of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin UniversityFood Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, UNSWPacific Research Centre for Prevention of Obesity and Non-Communicable Disease (C-POND), Fiji National UniversityFood Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, UNSWGlobal Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin UniversitySchool of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin UniversityAbstract Objective To describe changes over time in dietary risk factor prevalence and non-communicable disease in Pacific Island Countries (PICTs). Methods Secondary analysis of data from 21,433 adults aged 25–69, who participated in nationally representative World Health Organization STEPs surveys in 8 Pacific Island Countries and Territories between 2002 and 2019. Outcomes of interest were changes in consumption of fruit and vegetables, hypertension, overweight and obesity, and hypercholesterolaemia over time. Also, salt intake and sugar sweetened beverage consumption for those countries that measured these. Results Over time, the proportion of adults consuming less than five serves of fruit and vegetables per day decreased in five countries, notably Tonga. From the most recent surveys, average daily intake of sugary drinks was high in Kiribati (3.7 serves), Nauru (4.1) and Tokelau (4.0) and low in the Solomon Islands (0.4). Average daily salt intake was twice that recommended by WHO in Tokelau (10.1 g) and Wallis and Futuna (10.2 g). Prevalence of overweight/obesity did not change over time in most countries but increased in Fiji and Tokelau. Hypertension prevalence increased in 6 of 8 countries. The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia decreased in the Cook Islands and Kiribati and increased in the Solomon Islands and Tokelau. Conclusions While some Pacific countries experienced reductions in diet related NCD risk factors over time, most did not. Most Pacific adults (88%) do not consume enough fruit and vegetables, 82% live with overweight or obesity, 33% live with hypertension and 40% live with hypercholesterolaemia. Population-wide approaches to promote fruit and vegetable consumption and reduce sugar, salt and fat intake need strengthening.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13808-3Pacific IslandsDietary riskNoncommunicable diseasesAdultsChange over time |
| spellingShingle | Erica Reeve Prabhat Lamichhane Briar McKenzie Gade Waqa Jacqui Webster Wendy Snowdon Colin Bell The tide of dietary risks for noncommunicable diseases in Pacific Islands: an analysis of population NCD surveys BMC Public Health Pacific Islands Dietary risk Noncommunicable diseases Adults Change over time |
| title | The tide of dietary risks for noncommunicable diseases in Pacific Islands: an analysis of population NCD surveys |
| title_full | The tide of dietary risks for noncommunicable diseases in Pacific Islands: an analysis of population NCD surveys |
| title_fullStr | The tide of dietary risks for noncommunicable diseases in Pacific Islands: an analysis of population NCD surveys |
| title_full_unstemmed | The tide of dietary risks for noncommunicable diseases in Pacific Islands: an analysis of population NCD surveys |
| title_short | The tide of dietary risks for noncommunicable diseases in Pacific Islands: an analysis of population NCD surveys |
| title_sort | tide of dietary risks for noncommunicable diseases in pacific islands an analysis of population ncd surveys |
| topic | Pacific Islands Dietary risk Noncommunicable diseases Adults Change over time |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13808-3 |
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