Comparison of 30 Cytokines in Human Breast Milk between 1989 and 2013 in Japan

Milk cytokines play a vital role in mucosal immunity during infancy by supporting immune development and functions. Although the maternal background characteristics influence milk cytokines, changes in cytokine levels across generations remain unclear. Colostrum (C, <i>n</i> = 48) and ma...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tomoki Takahashi, Hiroshi M. Ueno, Fumiya Yamaide, Taiji Nakano, Yuki Shiko, Yohei Kawasaki, Chisako Mitsuishi, Naoki Shimojo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-04-01
Series:Nutrients
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/7/1735