The role behind the scenes of Tregs and Th17s in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Toward a pivotal role of FOXP3 and BACH2
In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), the genetic bases play a central role in determining development of the disease. In particular, the most frequent genes involved in the onset of HT are the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA). However, there are other genes and transcription factors in the autoimmune backg...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1098243/full |
| _version_ | 1811297367158161408 |
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| author | Alessio Mazzieri Pia Montanucci Giuseppe Basta Riccardo Calafiore |
| author_facet | Alessio Mazzieri Pia Montanucci Giuseppe Basta Riccardo Calafiore |
| author_sort | Alessio Mazzieri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), the genetic bases play a central role in determining development of the disease. In particular, the most frequent genes involved in the onset of HT are the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA). However, there are other genes and transcription factors in the autoimmune background of HT, both isolated and as part of autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS). Recently more interest is being fueled toward BACH2 (BTB Domain and CNC Homolog 2), that promotes Tregs (T regulators lymphocytes) differentiation and enhances Treg-mediated immunity. The synergistic interaction between environmental agents and the aforementioned genes leads to the onset of autoimmunity and ultimately to damage of the thyroid gland. In this scenario, the role of Th17 (T helper-17 lymphocytes) and Treg cells is still less defined as compared to action of Th1 cells (T helper-1 lymphocytes) and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8 + T lymphocytes). Evidences show that an imbalance of Th17/Treg ratio represents a prognostic factor with respect to the gland damage. Moreover, the deficient ability of Treg to inhibit the proliferation of T cells against the self can break the immune balance. In light of these considerations, the use of genetic panels and the progress of immunotherapy could allow for better targeting treatment and preventive interventions in subjects with potential or early stage of HT. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:04:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6e958653ba8e40dc98ff03c877605b67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:04:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6e958653ba8e40dc98ff03c877605b672022-12-22T02:59:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-12-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.10982431098243The role behind the scenes of Tregs and Th17s in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Toward a pivotal role of FOXP3 and BACH2Alessio Mazzieri0Pia Montanucci1Giuseppe Basta2Riccardo Calafiore3Translational Medicine and Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (MISEM), Laboratory for Endocrine Cell Transplants and Biohybrid Organs, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (MISEM), Laboratory for Endocrine Cell Transplants and Biohybrid Organs, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalyDivision of Internal Medicine and Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (MISEM), Laboratory for Endocrine Cell Transplants and Biohybrid Organs, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalyIn Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), the genetic bases play a central role in determining development of the disease. In particular, the most frequent genes involved in the onset of HT are the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA). However, there are other genes and transcription factors in the autoimmune background of HT, both isolated and as part of autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS). Recently more interest is being fueled toward BACH2 (BTB Domain and CNC Homolog 2), that promotes Tregs (T regulators lymphocytes) differentiation and enhances Treg-mediated immunity. The synergistic interaction between environmental agents and the aforementioned genes leads to the onset of autoimmunity and ultimately to damage of the thyroid gland. In this scenario, the role of Th17 (T helper-17 lymphocytes) and Treg cells is still less defined as compared to action of Th1 cells (T helper-1 lymphocytes) and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8 + T lymphocytes). Evidences show that an imbalance of Th17/Treg ratio represents a prognostic factor with respect to the gland damage. Moreover, the deficient ability of Treg to inhibit the proliferation of T cells against the self can break the immune balance. In light of these considerations, the use of genetic panels and the progress of immunotherapy could allow for better targeting treatment and preventive interventions in subjects with potential or early stage of HT.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1098243/fullHashimoto’s thyroiditisautoimmunityimbalance Th17/TregBACH2FOXP3 |
| spellingShingle | Alessio Mazzieri Pia Montanucci Giuseppe Basta Riccardo Calafiore The role behind the scenes of Tregs and Th17s in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Toward a pivotal role of FOXP3 and BACH2 Frontiers in Immunology Hashimoto’s thyroiditis autoimmunity imbalance Th17/Treg BACH2 FOXP3 |
| title | The role behind the scenes of Tregs and Th17s in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Toward a pivotal role of FOXP3 and BACH2 |
| title_full | The role behind the scenes of Tregs and Th17s in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Toward a pivotal role of FOXP3 and BACH2 |
| title_fullStr | The role behind the scenes of Tregs and Th17s in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Toward a pivotal role of FOXP3 and BACH2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role behind the scenes of Tregs and Th17s in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Toward a pivotal role of FOXP3 and BACH2 |
| title_short | The role behind the scenes of Tregs and Th17s in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: Toward a pivotal role of FOXP3 and BACH2 |
| title_sort | role behind the scenes of tregs and th17s in hashimoto s thyroiditis toward a pivotal role of foxp3 and bach2 |
| topic | Hashimoto’s thyroiditis autoimmunity imbalance Th17/Treg BACH2 FOXP3 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.1098243/full |
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