Biological Activity of the Carrier as a Factor in Immunogen Design for Haptens
Immunoanalytical methods are frequently employed in the detection of hazardous small molecular weight compounds. However, antibody development for these molecules is a challenge, because they are haptens and cannot induce a humoral immune response in experimental animals. Immunogenic forms of hapten...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2977 |
| _version_ | 1819117525891284992 |
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| author | Özlem Ertekin Esin Akçael Harun Kocaağa Selma Öztürk |
| author_facet | Özlem Ertekin Esin Akçael Harun Kocaağa Selma Öztürk |
| author_sort | Özlem Ertekin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immunoanalytical methods are frequently employed in the detection of hazardous small molecular weight compounds. However, antibody development for these molecules is a challenge, because they are haptens and cannot induce a humoral immune response in experimental animals. Immunogenic forms of haptens are usually prepared by conjugating them to a protein carrier which serves as an immune stimulator. However, the carrier is usually considered merely as a bulk mass, and its biological activity is ignored. Here, we induced an endocytic receptor, transferrin receptor, by selecting its ligand as a carrier protein to enhance antibody production. We conjugated aflatoxin, a potent carcinogenic food contaminant, to transferrin and evaluated its potential to stimulate antibody production with respect to ovalbumin conjugates. Transferrin conjugates induced aflatoxin-specific immune responses in the second immunization, while ovalbumin conjugates reached similar antibody titers after 5 injections. Monoclonal antibodies were successfully developed with mice immunized with either of the conjugates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T05:34:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6f7e079d83574c92bec18fba3d41cab3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T05:34:22Z |
| publishDate | 2018-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-6f7e079d83574c92bec18fba3d41cab32022-12-21T18:37:21ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492018-11-012311297710.3390/molecules23112977molecules23112977Biological Activity of the Carrier as a Factor in Immunogen Design for HaptensÖzlem Ertekin0Esin Akçael1Harun Kocaağa2Selma Öztürk3TÜBİTAK, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Marmara Research Center, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, TurkeyTÜBİTAK, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Marmara Research Center, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, TurkeyTÜBİTAK, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Marmara Research Center, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, TurkeyTÜBİTAK, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Marmara Research Center, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, TurkeyImmunoanalytical methods are frequently employed in the detection of hazardous small molecular weight compounds. However, antibody development for these molecules is a challenge, because they are haptens and cannot induce a humoral immune response in experimental animals. Immunogenic forms of haptens are usually prepared by conjugating them to a protein carrier which serves as an immune stimulator. However, the carrier is usually considered merely as a bulk mass, and its biological activity is ignored. Here, we induced an endocytic receptor, transferrin receptor, by selecting its ligand as a carrier protein to enhance antibody production. We conjugated aflatoxin, a potent carcinogenic food contaminant, to transferrin and evaluated its potential to stimulate antibody production with respect to ovalbumin conjugates. Transferrin conjugates induced aflatoxin-specific immune responses in the second immunization, while ovalbumin conjugates reached similar antibody titers after 5 injections. Monoclonal antibodies were successfully developed with mice immunized with either of the conjugates.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2977carrier proteinhapten immunizationtransferrin receptorimmunogenendocytosis |
| spellingShingle | Özlem Ertekin Esin Akçael Harun Kocaağa Selma Öztürk Biological Activity of the Carrier as a Factor in Immunogen Design for Haptens Molecules carrier protein hapten immunization transferrin receptor immunogen endocytosis |
| title | Biological Activity of the Carrier as a Factor in Immunogen Design for Haptens |
| title_full | Biological Activity of the Carrier as a Factor in Immunogen Design for Haptens |
| title_fullStr | Biological Activity of the Carrier as a Factor in Immunogen Design for Haptens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biological Activity of the Carrier as a Factor in Immunogen Design for Haptens |
| title_short | Biological Activity of the Carrier as a Factor in Immunogen Design for Haptens |
| title_sort | biological activity of the carrier as a factor in immunogen design for haptens |
| topic | carrier protein hapten immunization transferrin receptor immunogen endocytosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2977 |
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