Discrimination between the effects of pulsed electrical stimulation and electrochemically conditioned medium on human osteoblasts
Abstract Background Electrical stimulation is used for enhanced bone fracture healing. Electrochemical processes occur during the electrical stimulation at the electrodes and influence cellular reactions. Our approach aimed to distinguish between electrochemical and electric field effects on osteobl...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2023-11-01
|
Series: | Journal of Biological Engineering |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-023-00393-1 |