The protective effect of fermented Curcuma longa L. on memory dysfunction in oxidative stress-induced C6 gliomal cells, proinflammatory-activated BV2 microglial cells, and scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice
Abstract Background Curcuma longa L. is a well-known medicinal plant that has been used for its anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. However, the neuroprotective effect of fermented C. longa (FCL) has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, the effectiveness of FCL for th...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-017-1880-3 |
| _version_ | 1818502853708218368 |
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| author | Cheong-Su Eun Jong-Soon Lim Jihye Lee Sam-Pin Lee Seun-Ah Yang |
| author_facet | Cheong-Su Eun Jong-Soon Lim Jihye Lee Sam-Pin Lee Seun-Ah Yang |
| author_sort | Cheong-Su Eun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Curcuma longa L. is a well-known medicinal plant that has been used for its anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. However, the neuroprotective effect of fermented C. longa (FCL) has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, the effectiveness of FCL for the regulation of memory dysfunction was investigated in two brain cell lines (rat glioma C6 and murine microglia BV2) and scopolamine-treated mice. Methods C. longa powder was fermented by 5% Lactobacillus plantarum K154 containing 2% (w/v) yeast extract at 30 °C for 72 h followed by sterilization at 121 °C for 15 min. The protective effects of fermented C. longa (FCL) on oxidative stress induced cell death were analyzed by MTT assay in C6 cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of FCL were investigated by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as well as the expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. The step-through passive avoidance test, Morris water maze test, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and expression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) were employed to determine the effects of FCL on scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice. The contents of curcuminoids were analyzed through LC/MS. Results Pretreatment with FCL effectively prevented the cell death induced by oxidative stress in C6 cells. Moreover, FCL inhibited the production NO and PGE2 via the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in BV2 cells. FCL significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and prevented scopolamine-induced AChE activity in the hippocampus. Additionally, FCL reversed the reduction of CREB and BDNF expression. The curcuminoids content in FCL was 1.44%. Conclusion FCL pretreatment could alleviate scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation in C6 and BV2 cells, respectively. Thus, FCL might be a useful material for preventing impairment of learning and memory. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:15:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-70dfcd39b3994926a470f518734681ec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6882 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T21:15:58Z |
| publishDate | 2017-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-70dfcd39b3994926a470f518734681ec2022-12-22T01:33:17ZengBMCBMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine1472-68822017-07-0117111210.1186/s12906-017-1880-3The protective effect of fermented Curcuma longa L. on memory dysfunction in oxidative stress-induced C6 gliomal cells, proinflammatory-activated BV2 microglial cells, and scopolamine-induced amnesia model in miceCheong-Su Eun0Jong-Soon Lim1Jihye Lee2Sam-Pin Lee3Seun-Ah Yang4Major in Food Science and Technology, Keimyung UniversityThe Center for Traditional Microorganism Resources, Keimyung UniversityDepartment of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National UniversityMajor in Food Science and Technology, Keimyung UniversityMajor in Food Science and Technology, Keimyung UniversityAbstract Background Curcuma longa L. is a well-known medicinal plant that has been used for its anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. However, the neuroprotective effect of fermented C. longa (FCL) has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, the effectiveness of FCL for the regulation of memory dysfunction was investigated in two brain cell lines (rat glioma C6 and murine microglia BV2) and scopolamine-treated mice. Methods C. longa powder was fermented by 5% Lactobacillus plantarum K154 containing 2% (w/v) yeast extract at 30 °C for 72 h followed by sterilization at 121 °C for 15 min. The protective effects of fermented C. longa (FCL) on oxidative stress induced cell death were analyzed by MTT assay in C6 cells. The anti-inflammatory effects of FCL were investigated by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as well as the expression levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. The step-through passive avoidance test, Morris water maze test, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and expression of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) were employed to determine the effects of FCL on scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice. The contents of curcuminoids were analyzed through LC/MS. Results Pretreatment with FCL effectively prevented the cell death induced by oxidative stress in C6 cells. Moreover, FCL inhibited the production NO and PGE2 via the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression in BV2 cells. FCL significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice and prevented scopolamine-induced AChE activity in the hippocampus. Additionally, FCL reversed the reduction of CREB and BDNF expression. The curcuminoids content in FCL was 1.44%. Conclusion FCL pretreatment could alleviate scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation in C6 and BV2 cells, respectively. Thus, FCL might be a useful material for preventing impairment of learning and memory.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-017-1880-3Fermented Curcuma longa LMemory dysfunctionC6 glioma cellsBV2 microglial cellsScopolamine-induced amnesia model |
| spellingShingle | Cheong-Su Eun Jong-Soon Lim Jihye Lee Sam-Pin Lee Seun-Ah Yang The protective effect of fermented Curcuma longa L. on memory dysfunction in oxidative stress-induced C6 gliomal cells, proinflammatory-activated BV2 microglial cells, and scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine Fermented Curcuma longa L Memory dysfunction C6 glioma cells BV2 microglial cells Scopolamine-induced amnesia model |
| title | The protective effect of fermented Curcuma longa L. on memory dysfunction in oxidative stress-induced C6 gliomal cells, proinflammatory-activated BV2 microglial cells, and scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice |
| title_full | The protective effect of fermented Curcuma longa L. on memory dysfunction in oxidative stress-induced C6 gliomal cells, proinflammatory-activated BV2 microglial cells, and scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice |
| title_fullStr | The protective effect of fermented Curcuma longa L. on memory dysfunction in oxidative stress-induced C6 gliomal cells, proinflammatory-activated BV2 microglial cells, and scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | The protective effect of fermented Curcuma longa L. on memory dysfunction in oxidative stress-induced C6 gliomal cells, proinflammatory-activated BV2 microglial cells, and scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice |
| title_short | The protective effect of fermented Curcuma longa L. on memory dysfunction in oxidative stress-induced C6 gliomal cells, proinflammatory-activated BV2 microglial cells, and scopolamine-induced amnesia model in mice |
| title_sort | protective effect of fermented curcuma longa l on memory dysfunction in oxidative stress induced c6 gliomal cells proinflammatory activated bv2 microglial cells and scopolamine induced amnesia model in mice |
| topic | Fermented Curcuma longa L Memory dysfunction C6 glioma cells BV2 microglial cells Scopolamine-induced amnesia model |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-017-1880-3 |
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