The Perceived Instrumental Effects of Maltreatment in Sport (PIEMS) scale: Translation, (cross-)validation, and short-form development of the German version

Introduction Beliefs about the instrumental effects of maltreatment are a factor explaining abuse in sports. The availability of a valid and reliable German scale measuring these beliefs is essential for a better understanding of the concept. This article introduces and validates the German vers...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Laurie Schwab, Philipp Röthlin, Roberta Antonini Philippe, Stephan Horvath
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Bern Open Publishing 2024-02-01
Series:Current Issues in Sport Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ciss-journal.org/article/view/10910