The Perceived Instrumental Effects of Maltreatment in Sport (PIEMS) scale: Translation, (cross-)validation, and short-form development of the German version
Introduction Beliefs about the instrumental effects of maltreatment are a factor explaining abuse in sports. The availability of a valid and reliable German scale measuring these beliefs is essential for a better understanding of the concept. This article introduces and validates the German vers...
Main Authors: | , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Bern Open Publishing
2024-02-01
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Series: | Current Issues in Sport Science |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://ciss-journal.org/article/view/10910 |