State-of-Charge Estimation of Nickel–Cadmium Batteries Based on Dynamic Modeling of Electrical Characteristics and Adaptive Untrace Kalman Filtering
With the increasing demand for intelligence and automation, and the continuous strengthening of safety and efficiency requirements, the disadvantages of traditional “blind use” of nickel–cadmium batteries have become increasingly prominent, and the lack of state-of-charge (SOC) estimation needs to b...
Main Authors: | , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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Series: | Energies |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/21/7291 |