Mast Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis: New Insights Suggest Opportunities for Intervention
Mast cells (MC) are innate immune cells present in virtually all body tissues with key roles in allergic disease and host defense. MCs recognize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through expression of multiple receptors including Toll-like receptors and the IL-33 receptor ST2. MCs can be...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00580/full |
| _version_ | 1811209840920363008 |
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| author | Stephanie A. Legere Ian D. Haidl Jean-François Légaré Jean-François Légaré Jean S. Marshall Jean S. Marshall |
| author_facet | Stephanie A. Legere Ian D. Haidl Jean-François Légaré Jean-François Légaré Jean S. Marshall Jean S. Marshall |
| author_sort | Stephanie A. Legere |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mast cells (MC) are innate immune cells present in virtually all body tissues with key roles in allergic disease and host defense. MCs recognize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through expression of multiple receptors including Toll-like receptors and the IL-33 receptor ST2. MCs can be activated to degranulate and release pre-formed mediators, to synthesize and secrete cytokines and chemokines without degranulation, and/or to produce lipid mediators. MC numbers are generally increased at sites of fibrosis. They are potent, resident, effector cells producing mediators that regulate the fibrotic process. The nature of the secretory products produced by MCs depend on micro-environmental signals and can be both pro- and anti-fibrotic. MCs have been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and in angiogenic responses in hypoxic tissues, but these findings are controversial. Several rodent studies have indicated a protective role for MCs. MC-deficient mice have been reported to have poorer outcomes after coronary artery ligation and increased cardiac function upon MC reconstitution. In contrast, MCs have also been implicated as key drivers of fibrosis. MC stabilization during a hypertensive rat model and an atrial fibrillation mouse model rescued associated fibrosis. Discrepancies in the literature could be related to problems with mouse models of MC deficiency. To further complicate the issue, mice generally have a much lower density of MCs in their cardiac tissue than humans, and as such comparing MC deficient and MC containing mouse models is not necessarily reflective of the role of MCs in human disease. In this review, we will evaluate the literature regarding the role of MCs in cardiac fibrosis with an emphasis on what is known about MC biology, in this context. MCs have been well-studied in allergic disease and multiple pharmacological tools are available to regulate their function. We will identify potential opportunities to manipulate human MC function and the impact of their mediators with a view to preventing or reducing harmful fibrosis. Important therapeutic opportunities could arise from increased understanding of the impact of such potent, resident immune cells, with the ability to profoundly alter long term fibrotic processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:45:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-726f9f85211a4bd8b0d4ae5a7ff18f74 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T04:45:51Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-726f9f85211a4bd8b0d4ae5a7ff18f742022-12-22T03:47:30ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242019-03-011010.3389/fimmu.2019.00580428581Mast Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis: New Insights Suggest Opportunities for InterventionStephanie A. Legere0Ian D. Haidl1Jean-François Légaré2Jean-François Légaré3Jean S. Marshall4Jean S. Marshall5Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, CanadaDepartments of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, CanadaDepartment of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, CanadaDepartment of Surgery, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, NB, CanadaDepartments of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, CanadaDepartment of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, CanadaMast cells (MC) are innate immune cells present in virtually all body tissues with key roles in allergic disease and host defense. MCs recognize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) through expression of multiple receptors including Toll-like receptors and the IL-33 receptor ST2. MCs can be activated to degranulate and release pre-formed mediators, to synthesize and secrete cytokines and chemokines without degranulation, and/or to produce lipid mediators. MC numbers are generally increased at sites of fibrosis. They are potent, resident, effector cells producing mediators that regulate the fibrotic process. The nature of the secretory products produced by MCs depend on micro-environmental signals and can be both pro- and anti-fibrotic. MCs have been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis and in angiogenic responses in hypoxic tissues, but these findings are controversial. Several rodent studies have indicated a protective role for MCs. MC-deficient mice have been reported to have poorer outcomes after coronary artery ligation and increased cardiac function upon MC reconstitution. In contrast, MCs have also been implicated as key drivers of fibrosis. MC stabilization during a hypertensive rat model and an atrial fibrillation mouse model rescued associated fibrosis. Discrepancies in the literature could be related to problems with mouse models of MC deficiency. To further complicate the issue, mice generally have a much lower density of MCs in their cardiac tissue than humans, and as such comparing MC deficient and MC containing mouse models is not necessarily reflective of the role of MCs in human disease. In this review, we will evaluate the literature regarding the role of MCs in cardiac fibrosis with an emphasis on what is known about MC biology, in this context. MCs have been well-studied in allergic disease and multiple pharmacological tools are available to regulate their function. We will identify potential opportunities to manipulate human MC function and the impact of their mediators with a view to preventing or reducing harmful fibrosis. Important therapeutic opportunities could arise from increased understanding of the impact of such potent, resident immune cells, with the ability to profoundly alter long term fibrotic processes.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00580/fullmast cellcardiac fibrosisinflammationtissue remodelingimmunology |
| spellingShingle | Stephanie A. Legere Ian D. Haidl Jean-François Légaré Jean-François Légaré Jean S. Marshall Jean S. Marshall Mast Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis: New Insights Suggest Opportunities for Intervention Frontiers in Immunology mast cell cardiac fibrosis inflammation tissue remodeling immunology |
| title | Mast Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis: New Insights Suggest Opportunities for Intervention |
| title_full | Mast Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis: New Insights Suggest Opportunities for Intervention |
| title_fullStr | Mast Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis: New Insights Suggest Opportunities for Intervention |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mast Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis: New Insights Suggest Opportunities for Intervention |
| title_short | Mast Cells in Cardiac Fibrosis: New Insights Suggest Opportunities for Intervention |
| title_sort | mast cells in cardiac fibrosis new insights suggest opportunities for intervention |
| topic | mast cell cardiac fibrosis inflammation tissue remodeling immunology |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00580/full |
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