Pectin as Rheology Modifier of a Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Ink
Gelatin is a natural biopolymer extensively used for tissue engineering applications due to its similarities to the native extracellular matrix. However, the rheological properties of gelatin formulations are not ideal for extrusion-based bioprinting. In this work, we present an approach to improve...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/11/3109 |
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| author | Anna Lapomarda Elena Pulidori Giorgia Cerqueni Irene Chiesa Matteo De Blasi Mike Alexander Geven Francesca Montemurro Celia Duce Monica Mattioli-Belmonte Maria Rosaria Tiné Giovanni Vozzi Carmelo De Maria |
| author_facet | Anna Lapomarda Elena Pulidori Giorgia Cerqueni Irene Chiesa Matteo De Blasi Mike Alexander Geven Francesca Montemurro Celia Duce Monica Mattioli-Belmonte Maria Rosaria Tiné Giovanni Vozzi Carmelo De Maria |
| author_sort | Anna Lapomarda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gelatin is a natural biopolymer extensively used for tissue engineering applications due to its similarities to the native extracellular matrix. However, the rheological properties of gelatin formulations are not ideal for extrusion-based bioprinting. In this work, we present an approach to improve gelatin bioprinting performances by using pectin as a rheology modifier of gelatin and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as a gelatin–pectin crosslinking agent. The preparation of gelatin–pectin formulations is initially optimized to obtain homogenous gelatin–pectin gels. Since the use of GPTMS requires a drying step to induce the completion of the crosslinking reaction, microporous gelatin–pectin–GPTMS sponges are produced through freeze-drying, and the intrinsic properties of gelatin–pectin–GPTMS networks (e.g., porosity, pore size, degree of swelling, compressive modulus, and cell adhesion) are investigated. Subsequently, rheological investigations together with bioprinting assessments demonstrate the key role of pectin in increasing the viscosity and the yield stress of low viscous gelatin solutions. Water stable, three-dimensional, and self-supporting gelatin–pectin–GPTMS scaffolds with interconnected micro- and macroporosity are successfully obtained by combining extrusion-based bioprinting and freeze-drying. The proposed biofabrication approach does not require any additional temperature controller to further modulate the rheological properties of gelatin solutions and it could furthermore be extended to improve the bioprintability of other biopolymers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:41:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-72a546908b3f413fa084377092b97807 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:41:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-72a546908b3f413fa084377092b978072023-11-21T22:57:35ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-06-011411310910.3390/ma14113109Pectin as Rheology Modifier of a Gelatin-Based Biomaterial InkAnna Lapomarda0Elena Pulidori1Giorgia Cerqueni2Irene Chiesa3Matteo De Blasi4Mike Alexander Geven5Francesca Montemurro6Celia Duce7Monica Mattioli-Belmonte8Maria Rosaria Tiné9Giovanni Vozzi10Carmelo De Maria11Research Center ‘E. Piaggio’, University of Pisa, via Diotisalvi, 1, 56122 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60121 Ancona, ItalyResearch Center ‘E. Piaggio’, University of Pisa, via Diotisalvi, 1, 56122 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, via Girolamo Caruso, 16, 56122 Pisa, ItalyLaboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, ItalyResearch Center ‘E. Piaggio’, University of Pisa, via Diotisalvi, 1, 56122 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60121 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, ItalyResearch Center ‘E. Piaggio’, University of Pisa, via Diotisalvi, 1, 56122 Pisa, ItalyResearch Center ‘E. Piaggio’, University of Pisa, via Diotisalvi, 1, 56122 Pisa, ItalyGelatin is a natural biopolymer extensively used for tissue engineering applications due to its similarities to the native extracellular matrix. However, the rheological properties of gelatin formulations are not ideal for extrusion-based bioprinting. In this work, we present an approach to improve gelatin bioprinting performances by using pectin as a rheology modifier of gelatin and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) as a gelatin–pectin crosslinking agent. The preparation of gelatin–pectin formulations is initially optimized to obtain homogenous gelatin–pectin gels. Since the use of GPTMS requires a drying step to induce the completion of the crosslinking reaction, microporous gelatin–pectin–GPTMS sponges are produced through freeze-drying, and the intrinsic properties of gelatin–pectin–GPTMS networks (e.g., porosity, pore size, degree of swelling, compressive modulus, and cell adhesion) are investigated. Subsequently, rheological investigations together with bioprinting assessments demonstrate the key role of pectin in increasing the viscosity and the yield stress of low viscous gelatin solutions. Water stable, three-dimensional, and self-supporting gelatin–pectin–GPTMS scaffolds with interconnected micro- and macroporosity are successfully obtained by combining extrusion-based bioprinting and freeze-drying. The proposed biofabrication approach does not require any additional temperature controller to further modulate the rheological properties of gelatin solutions and it could furthermore be extended to improve the bioprintability of other biopolymers.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/11/31093D bioprintingpectingelatinbiofabricationextrusion-based bioprinting |
| spellingShingle | Anna Lapomarda Elena Pulidori Giorgia Cerqueni Irene Chiesa Matteo De Blasi Mike Alexander Geven Francesca Montemurro Celia Duce Monica Mattioli-Belmonte Maria Rosaria Tiné Giovanni Vozzi Carmelo De Maria Pectin as Rheology Modifier of a Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Ink Materials 3D bioprinting pectin gelatin biofabrication extrusion-based bioprinting |
| title | Pectin as Rheology Modifier of a Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Ink |
| title_full | Pectin as Rheology Modifier of a Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Ink |
| title_fullStr | Pectin as Rheology Modifier of a Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Ink |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pectin as Rheology Modifier of a Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Ink |
| title_short | Pectin as Rheology Modifier of a Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Ink |
| title_sort | pectin as rheology modifier of a gelatin based biomaterial ink |
| topic | 3D bioprinting pectin gelatin biofabrication extrusion-based bioprinting |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/11/3109 |
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