<i>Anisakis</i> Allergy: Is Aquacultured Fish a Safe and Alternative Food to Wild-Capture Fisheries for <i>Anisakis simplex</i>-Sensitized Patients?
Background: <i>Anisakis simplex</i> (<i>A. simplex)</i> infection, in humans, causes a series of clinical manifestations affecting the gastro-intestinal tract known as Anisakiasis/Anisakidosis. Patients may also present allergic manifestations such as hives and/or angioedema...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/2/106 |
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| author | Lorenzo Polimeno Maria Teresa Lisanti Margherita Rossini Edoardo Giacovazzo Lucrezia Polimeno Lucantonio Debellis Andrea Ballini Skender Topi Luigi Santacroce |
| author_facet | Lorenzo Polimeno Maria Teresa Lisanti Margherita Rossini Edoardo Giacovazzo Lucrezia Polimeno Lucantonio Debellis Andrea Ballini Skender Topi Luigi Santacroce |
| author_sort | Lorenzo Polimeno |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: <i>Anisakis simplex</i> (<i>A. simplex)</i> infection, in humans, causes a series of clinical manifestations affecting the gastro-intestinal tract known as Anisakiasis/Anisakidosis. Patients may also present allergic manifestations such as hives and/or angioedema and even anaphylactic shock. The aim of this study was to investigate whether aquacultured fish could be considered <i>A.</i><i>simplex</i>-free food and constitute a safe, alternative, wild-capture fish food for Gastro-Allergic Anisakiasis (GAA)-sensitized subjects. Methods: Protein extracts from <i>A. simplex</i> larvae in the third stage (L3) and from edible part of heavily infected horse mackerel (<i>Trachurus trachurus</i>) and aquacultured sea bream, have been tested for <i>A. simplex</i> allergens presence by immunological analysis. Western blot analysis using, as source of specific <i>Anisakis</i> allergens antibodies, serum samples from subjects referring allergic symptoms after raw fish ingestion, was performed. These subjects showed high levels of specific IgE anti <i>A.</i><i>simplex</i> allergens determined by clinical laboratory tests (ISAC test). Results: Our data demonstrate the presence of Ani s4 allergen in both infected and aquacultured fish extracts, providing a possible interpretation for the allergic manifestations reported by subjects, already sensitized to <i>A. simplex</i>, who ate frozen or well-cooked or, even, aquacultured fish. Conclusions: The present data stimulate more accurate prophylaxis suggestions for <i>Anisakis</i> allergy and more specific controls of fishmeal used in aquaculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:03:23Z |
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| id | doaj.art-72fd3c88867e4751b0973ab858fe52b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:03:23Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-72fd3c88867e4751b0973ab858fe52b22023-12-03T12:07:21ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-02-0110210610.3390/biology10020106<i>Anisakis</i> Allergy: Is Aquacultured Fish a Safe and Alternative Food to Wild-Capture Fisheries for <i>Anisakis simplex</i>-Sensitized Patients?Lorenzo Polimeno0Maria Teresa Lisanti1Margherita Rossini2Edoardo Giacovazzo3Lucrezia Polimeno4Lucantonio Debellis5Andrea Ballini6Skender Topi7Luigi Santacroce8Polypheno Academic Spin Off, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario “Ernesto Quagliariello”, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, ItalyClinical Pathology Unit, Policlinico University Hospital of Bari, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario “Ernesto Quagliariello”, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, ItalyPolypheno Academic Spin Off, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario “Ernesto Quagliariello”, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario “Ernesto Quagliariello”, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Disciplines, University of Elbasan “A. Xhuvani”, 3001 Elbasan, AlbaniaPolypheno Academic Spin Off, University of Bari “A. Moro”, 70124 Bari, ItalyBackground: <i>Anisakis simplex</i> (<i>A. simplex)</i> infection, in humans, causes a series of clinical manifestations affecting the gastro-intestinal tract known as Anisakiasis/Anisakidosis. Patients may also present allergic manifestations such as hives and/or angioedema and even anaphylactic shock. The aim of this study was to investigate whether aquacultured fish could be considered <i>A.</i><i>simplex</i>-free food and constitute a safe, alternative, wild-capture fish food for Gastro-Allergic Anisakiasis (GAA)-sensitized subjects. Methods: Protein extracts from <i>A. simplex</i> larvae in the third stage (L3) and from edible part of heavily infected horse mackerel (<i>Trachurus trachurus</i>) and aquacultured sea bream, have been tested for <i>A. simplex</i> allergens presence by immunological analysis. Western blot analysis using, as source of specific <i>Anisakis</i> allergens antibodies, serum samples from subjects referring allergic symptoms after raw fish ingestion, was performed. These subjects showed high levels of specific IgE anti <i>A.</i><i>simplex</i> allergens determined by clinical laboratory tests (ISAC test). Results: Our data demonstrate the presence of Ani s4 allergen in both infected and aquacultured fish extracts, providing a possible interpretation for the allergic manifestations reported by subjects, already sensitized to <i>A. simplex</i>, who ate frozen or well-cooked or, even, aquacultured fish. Conclusions: The present data stimulate more accurate prophylaxis suggestions for <i>Anisakis</i> allergy and more specific controls of fishmeal used in aquaculture.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/2/106gastro-allergic anisakiasisaquacultured fishfood allergyclinical microbiologypublic healthclinical molecular biology |
| spellingShingle | Lorenzo Polimeno Maria Teresa Lisanti Margherita Rossini Edoardo Giacovazzo Lucrezia Polimeno Lucantonio Debellis Andrea Ballini Skender Topi Luigi Santacroce <i>Anisakis</i> Allergy: Is Aquacultured Fish a Safe and Alternative Food to Wild-Capture Fisheries for <i>Anisakis simplex</i>-Sensitized Patients? Biology gastro-allergic anisakiasis aquacultured fish food allergy clinical microbiology public health clinical molecular biology |
| title | <i>Anisakis</i> Allergy: Is Aquacultured Fish a Safe and Alternative Food to Wild-Capture Fisheries for <i>Anisakis simplex</i>-Sensitized Patients? |
| title_full | <i>Anisakis</i> Allergy: Is Aquacultured Fish a Safe and Alternative Food to Wild-Capture Fisheries for <i>Anisakis simplex</i>-Sensitized Patients? |
| title_fullStr | <i>Anisakis</i> Allergy: Is Aquacultured Fish a Safe and Alternative Food to Wild-Capture Fisheries for <i>Anisakis simplex</i>-Sensitized Patients? |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Anisakis</i> Allergy: Is Aquacultured Fish a Safe and Alternative Food to Wild-Capture Fisheries for <i>Anisakis simplex</i>-Sensitized Patients? |
| title_short | <i>Anisakis</i> Allergy: Is Aquacultured Fish a Safe and Alternative Food to Wild-Capture Fisheries for <i>Anisakis simplex</i>-Sensitized Patients? |
| title_sort | i anisakis i allergy is aquacultured fish a safe and alternative food to wild capture fisheries for i anisakis simplex i sensitized patients |
| topic | gastro-allergic anisakiasis aquacultured fish food allergy clinical microbiology public health clinical molecular biology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/2/106 |
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