GM-CSF derived from the inflammatory microenvironment potentially enhanced PD-L1 expression on tumor-associated macrophages in human breast cancer

GM-CSF derived from the inflammatory microenvironment potentially enhanced PD-L1 expression on tumor-associated macrophages in human breast cancer

Abstract Ever since immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for anti-cancer therapy in several cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer, the significance of programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in the tumor immune microenvironment has been a topic of interest. In the presen...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kimihiro Yonemitsu, Cheng Pan, Yukio Fujiwara, Yuko Miyasato, Takuya Shiota, Hiromu Yano, Seiji Hosaka, Koji Tamada, Yutaka Yamamoto, Yoshihiro Komohara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2022-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16080-y

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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16080-y

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