The Combination of Immune Checkpoint Blockade with Tumor Vessel Normalization as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Breast Cancer: An Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Studies

The Combination of Immune Checkpoint Blockade with Tumor Vessel Normalization as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Breast Cancer: An Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Studies

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have a modest clinical activity when administered as monotherapy against breast cancer (BC), the most common malignancy in women. Novel combinatorial strategies are currently being investigated to overcome resistance to ICIs and promote antitumor immune responses...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ombretta Melaiu, Gianluca Vanni, Ilaria Portarena, Chiara Adriana Pistolese, Lucia Anemona, Silvia Pomella, Roberto Bei, Oreste Claudio Buonomo, Mario Roselli, Alessandro Mauriello, Giovanni Barillari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-02-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
breast cancer
angiogenesis
vessel normalization
tumor microenvironment
immunosuppression
antitumor immunity
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/3226

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/3226

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