Flavor-dependent U(1) extension inspired by lepton, baryon and color numbers
Abstract There is no reason why the gauge symmetry extension is family universal as in the standard model and the most well-motivated models, e.g. left-right symmetry and grand unification. Hence, we propose a simplest extension of the standard model – a flavor-dependent U(1) gauge symmetry – and fi...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-11-01
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| Series: | European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12198-z |
| _version_ | 1797233329901142016 |
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| author | Duong Van Loi Phung Van Dong |
| author_facet | Duong Van Loi Phung Van Dong |
| author_sort | Duong Van Loi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract There is no reason why the gauge symmetry extension is family universal as in the standard model and the most well-motivated models, e.g. left-right symmetry and grand unification. Hence, we propose a simplest extension of the standard model – a flavor-dependent U(1) gauge symmetry – and find the new physics insight. For this aim, the U(1) charge, called X, is expressed as $$X=x B+y L$$ X = x B + y L in which x and y are free parameters as functions of flavor index, e.g. for a flavor i they take $$x_i$$ x i and $$y_i$$ y i respectively, where B and L denote normal baryon and lepton numbers. Imposing a relation involved by the color number 3, i.e. $$-x_{1,2,\ldots ,n}=x_{n+1,n+2,\ldots ,n+m}=3y_{1,2,\ldots ,n+m}\equiv 3z$$ - x 1 , 2 , … , n = x n + 1 , n + 2 , … , n + m = 3 y 1 , 2 , … , n + m ≡ 3 z , for arbitrarily nonzero z, we achieve a novel U(1) theory with implied X-charge. This theory not only explains the origin of the number of observed fermion families but also offers a possible solution for both neutrino mass and dark matter, which differs from $$B-L$$ B - L extension. Two typical models based on this idea are examined, yielding interesting results for flavor-changing neutral currents and particle colliders, besides those of neutrino mass and dark matter. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:10:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-739f76cec96e4531bd74c37cbd862d91 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1434-6052 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T16:14:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields |
| spelling | doaj.art-739f76cec96e4531bd74c37cbd862d912024-03-31T11:30:59ZengSpringerOpenEuropean Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields1434-60522023-11-01831111810.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12198-zFlavor-dependent U(1) extension inspired by lepton, baryon and color numbersDuong Van Loi0Phung Van Dong1Phenikaa Institute for Advanced Study and Faculty of Basic Science, Phenikaa UniversityPhenikaa Institute for Advanced Study and Faculty of Basic Science, Phenikaa UniversityAbstract There is no reason why the gauge symmetry extension is family universal as in the standard model and the most well-motivated models, e.g. left-right symmetry and grand unification. Hence, we propose a simplest extension of the standard model – a flavor-dependent U(1) gauge symmetry – and find the new physics insight. For this aim, the U(1) charge, called X, is expressed as $$X=x B+y L$$ X = x B + y L in which x and y are free parameters as functions of flavor index, e.g. for a flavor i they take $$x_i$$ x i and $$y_i$$ y i respectively, where B and L denote normal baryon and lepton numbers. Imposing a relation involved by the color number 3, i.e. $$-x_{1,2,\ldots ,n}=x_{n+1,n+2,\ldots ,n+m}=3y_{1,2,\ldots ,n+m}\equiv 3z$$ - x 1 , 2 , … , n = x n + 1 , n + 2 , … , n + m = 3 y 1 , 2 , … , n + m ≡ 3 z , for arbitrarily nonzero z, we achieve a novel U(1) theory with implied X-charge. This theory not only explains the origin of the number of observed fermion families but also offers a possible solution for both neutrino mass and dark matter, which differs from $$B-L$$ B - L extension. Two typical models based on this idea are examined, yielding interesting results for flavor-changing neutral currents and particle colliders, besides those of neutrino mass and dark matter.https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12198-z |
| spellingShingle | Duong Van Loi Phung Van Dong Flavor-dependent U(1) extension inspired by lepton, baryon and color numbers European Physical Journal C: Particles and Fields |
| title | Flavor-dependent U(1) extension inspired by lepton, baryon and color numbers |
| title_full | Flavor-dependent U(1) extension inspired by lepton, baryon and color numbers |
| title_fullStr | Flavor-dependent U(1) extension inspired by lepton, baryon and color numbers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flavor-dependent U(1) extension inspired by lepton, baryon and color numbers |
| title_short | Flavor-dependent U(1) extension inspired by lepton, baryon and color numbers |
| title_sort | flavor dependent u 1 extension inspired by lepton baryon and color numbers |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12198-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT duongvanloi flavordependentu1extensioninspiredbyleptonbaryonandcolornumbers AT phungvandong flavordependentu1extensioninspiredbyleptonbaryonandcolornumbers |