Modeling Human Brain Circuitry Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Platforms
Neural circuits are the underlying functional units of the human brain that govern complex behavior and higher-order cognitive processes. Disruptions in neural circuit development have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD)...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2019.00057/full |
| _version_ | 1818414104580194304 |
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| author | Annalisa M. Hartlaub Craig A. McElroy Nathalie L. Maitre Mark E. Hester |
| author_facet | Annalisa M. Hartlaub Craig A. McElroy Nathalie L. Maitre Mark E. Hester |
| author_sort | Annalisa M. Hartlaub |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neural circuits are the underlying functional units of the human brain that govern complex behavior and higher-order cognitive processes. Disruptions in neural circuit development have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. Until recently, major efforts utilizing neurological disease modeling platforms based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), investigated disease phenotypes primarily at the single cell level. However, recent advances in brain organoid systems, microfluidic devices, and advanced optical and electrical interfaces, now allow more complex hiPSC-based systems to model neuronal connectivity and investigate the specific brain circuitry implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we review emerging research advances in studying brain circuitry using in vitro and in vivo disease modeling platforms including microfluidic devices, enhanced functional recording interfaces, and brain organoid systems. Research efforts in these areas have already yielded critical insights into pathophysiological mechanisms and will continue to stimulate innovation in this promising area of translational research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T11:13:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-74e0f93ba205453ea6ca759f0f31cc26 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T11:13:48Z |
| publishDate | 2019-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-74e0f93ba205453ea6ca759f0f31cc262022-12-21T23:04:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602019-03-01710.3389/fped.2019.00057441422Modeling Human Brain Circuitry Using Pluripotent Stem Cell PlatformsAnnalisa M. Hartlaub0Craig A. McElroy1Nathalie L. Maitre2Mark E. Hester3Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United StatesCollege of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesCenter for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United StatesCenter for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United StatesNeural circuits are the underlying functional units of the human brain that govern complex behavior and higher-order cognitive processes. Disruptions in neural circuit development have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. Until recently, major efforts utilizing neurological disease modeling platforms based on human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), investigated disease phenotypes primarily at the single cell level. However, recent advances in brain organoid systems, microfluidic devices, and advanced optical and electrical interfaces, now allow more complex hiPSC-based systems to model neuronal connectivity and investigate the specific brain circuitry implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we review emerging research advances in studying brain circuitry using in vitro and in vivo disease modeling platforms including microfluidic devices, enhanced functional recording interfaces, and brain organoid systems. Research efforts in these areas have already yielded critical insights into pathophysiological mechanisms and will continue to stimulate innovation in this promising area of translational research.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2019.00057/fullhuman induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)cerebral organoidbrain organoidneurodevelopmentmicrofluidicneural circuit |
| spellingShingle | Annalisa M. Hartlaub Craig A. McElroy Nathalie L. Maitre Mark E. Hester Modeling Human Brain Circuitry Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Platforms Frontiers in Pediatrics human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) cerebral organoid brain organoid neurodevelopment microfluidic neural circuit |
| title | Modeling Human Brain Circuitry Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Platforms |
| title_full | Modeling Human Brain Circuitry Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Platforms |
| title_fullStr | Modeling Human Brain Circuitry Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Platforms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modeling Human Brain Circuitry Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Platforms |
| title_short | Modeling Human Brain Circuitry Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Platforms |
| title_sort | modeling human brain circuitry using pluripotent stem cell platforms |
| topic | human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) cerebral organoid brain organoid neurodevelopment microfluidic neural circuit |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fped.2019.00057/full |
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