Exploring the Anti-Cancer Effects of Fish Bone Fermented Using <i>Monascus purpureus</i>: Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells
Fish bone fermented using <i>Monascus purpureus</i> (FBF) has total phenols and functional amino acids that contribute to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Colorectal cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers and the third largest cause of death worldwide, has become a s...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/15/5679 |
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| author | Ya-Ting Chen Shu-Jen Chen Chun-Yi Hu Cheng-Di Dong Chiu-Wen Chen Reeta Rani Singhania Shu-Ling Hsieh |
| author_facet | Ya-Ting Chen Shu-Jen Chen Chun-Yi Hu Cheng-Di Dong Chiu-Wen Chen Reeta Rani Singhania Shu-Ling Hsieh |
| author_sort | Ya-Ting Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fish bone fermented using <i>Monascus purpureus</i> (FBF) has total phenols and functional amino acids that contribute to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Colorectal cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers and the third largest cause of death worldwide, has become a serious threat to global health. This study investigates the anti-cancer effects of FBF (1, 2.5 or 5 mg/mL) on the cell growth and molecular mechanism of HCT-116 cells. The HCT-116 cell treatment with 2.5 or 5 mg/mL of FBF for 24 h significantly decreased cell viability (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The S and G2/M phases significantly increased by 88–105% and 25–43%, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, FBF increased the mRNA expression of caspase 8 (38–77%), protein expression of caspase 3 (34–94%), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (31–34%) and induced apoptosis (236–773%) of HCT-116 cells (<i>p</i> < 0.05). FBF also increased microtubule-associated protein 1B light chain 3 (LC3) (38–48%) and phosphoinositide 3 kinase class III (PI3K III) (32–53%) protein expression, thereby inducing autophagy (26–52%) of HCT-116 cells (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These results showed that FBF could inhibit HCT-116 cell growth by inducing S and G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle, apoptosis and autophagy. Thus, FBF has the potential to treat colorectal cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:21:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-75584f0f9f6342f0b824ff26f395e2e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:21:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-75584f0f9f6342f0b824ff26f395e2e52023-11-18T23:17:25ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-07-012815567910.3390/molecules28155679Exploring the Anti-Cancer Effects of Fish Bone Fermented Using <i>Monascus purpureus</i>: Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Colorectal Cancer CellsYa-Ting Chen0Shu-Jen Chen1Chun-Yi Hu2Cheng-Di Dong3Chiu-Wen Chen4Reeta Rani Singhania5Shu-Ling Hsieh6Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, TaiwanDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 912009, TaiwanDepartment of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, TaiwanDepartment of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, TaiwanDepartment of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, TaiwanDepartment of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, TaiwanFish bone fermented using <i>Monascus purpureus</i> (FBF) has total phenols and functional amino acids that contribute to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Colorectal cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers and the third largest cause of death worldwide, has become a serious threat to global health. This study investigates the anti-cancer effects of FBF (1, 2.5 or 5 mg/mL) on the cell growth and molecular mechanism of HCT-116 cells. The HCT-116 cell treatment with 2.5 or 5 mg/mL of FBF for 24 h significantly decreased cell viability (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The S and G2/M phases significantly increased by 88–105% and 25–43%, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, FBF increased the mRNA expression of caspase 8 (38–77%), protein expression of caspase 3 (34–94%), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) (31–34%) and induced apoptosis (236–773%) of HCT-116 cells (<i>p</i> < 0.05). FBF also increased microtubule-associated protein 1B light chain 3 (LC3) (38–48%) and phosphoinositide 3 kinase class III (PI3K III) (32–53%) protein expression, thereby inducing autophagy (26–52%) of HCT-116 cells (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These results showed that FBF could inhibit HCT-116 cell growth by inducing S and G2/M phase arrest of the cell cycle, apoptosis and autophagy. Thus, FBF has the potential to treat colorectal cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/15/5679fish bone<i>Monascus purpureus</i>apoptosisautophagyanti-cancer |
| spellingShingle | Ya-Ting Chen Shu-Jen Chen Chun-Yi Hu Cheng-Di Dong Chiu-Wen Chen Reeta Rani Singhania Shu-Ling Hsieh Exploring the Anti-Cancer Effects of Fish Bone Fermented Using <i>Monascus purpureus</i>: Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells Molecules fish bone <i>Monascus purpureus</i> apoptosis autophagy anti-cancer |
| title | Exploring the Anti-Cancer Effects of Fish Bone Fermented Using <i>Monascus purpureus</i>: Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells |
| title_full | Exploring the Anti-Cancer Effects of Fish Bone Fermented Using <i>Monascus purpureus</i>: Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Anti-Cancer Effects of Fish Bone Fermented Using <i>Monascus purpureus</i>: Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Anti-Cancer Effects of Fish Bone Fermented Using <i>Monascus purpureus</i>: Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells |
| title_short | Exploring the Anti-Cancer Effects of Fish Bone Fermented Using <i>Monascus purpureus</i>: Induction of Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells |
| title_sort | exploring the anti cancer effects of fish bone fermented using i monascus purpureus i induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human colorectal cancer cells |
| topic | fish bone <i>Monascus purpureus</i> apoptosis autophagy anti-cancer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/15/5679 |
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