Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment
The M1/M2 macrophage paradigm plays a key role in tumor progression. M1 macrophages are historically regarded as anti-tumor, while M2-polarized macrophages, commonly deemed tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are contributors to many pro-tumorigenic outcomes in cancer through angiogenic and lymphan...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/6995 |
| _version_ | 1797411499432476672 |
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| author | Ava J. Boutilier Sherine F. Elsawa |
| author_facet | Ava J. Boutilier Sherine F. Elsawa |
| author_sort | Ava J. Boutilier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The M1/M2 macrophage paradigm plays a key role in tumor progression. M1 macrophages are historically regarded as anti-tumor, while M2-polarized macrophages, commonly deemed tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are contributors to many pro-tumorigenic outcomes in cancer through angiogenic and lymphangiogenic regulation, immune suppression, hypoxia induction, tumor cell proliferation, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence macrophage recruitment and polarization, giving way to these pro-tumorigenic outcomes. Investigating TME-induced macrophage polarization is critical for further understanding of TAM-related pro-tumor outcomes and potential development of new therapeutic approaches. This review explores the current understanding of TME-induced macrophage polarization and the role of M2-polarized macrophages in promoting tumor progression. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:46:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-756a60de027d4531bb154b1a4ac7e3f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:46:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-756a60de027d4531bb154b1a4ac7e3f72023-12-03T13:14:29ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-06-012213699510.3390/ijms22136995Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor MicroenvironmentAva J. Boutilier0Sherine F. Elsawa1Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USADepartment of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USAThe M1/M2 macrophage paradigm plays a key role in tumor progression. M1 macrophages are historically regarded as anti-tumor, while M2-polarized macrophages, commonly deemed tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), are contributors to many pro-tumorigenic outcomes in cancer through angiogenic and lymphangiogenic regulation, immune suppression, hypoxia induction, tumor cell proliferation, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence macrophage recruitment and polarization, giving way to these pro-tumorigenic outcomes. Investigating TME-induced macrophage polarization is critical for further understanding of TAM-related pro-tumor outcomes and potential development of new therapeutic approaches. This review explores the current understanding of TME-induced macrophage polarization and the role of M2-polarized macrophages in promoting tumor progression.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/6995tumor-associated macrophagetumor microenvironmentmetastasiscytokine signalingpolarizationmalignancy |
| spellingShingle | Ava J. Boutilier Sherine F. Elsawa Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment International Journal of Molecular Sciences tumor-associated macrophage tumor microenvironment metastasis cytokine signaling polarization malignancy |
| title | Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_full | Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_fullStr | Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_short | Macrophage Polarization States in the Tumor Microenvironment |
| title_sort | macrophage polarization states in the tumor microenvironment |
| topic | tumor-associated macrophage tumor microenvironment metastasis cytokine signaling polarization malignancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/13/6995 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT avajboutilier macrophagepolarizationstatesinthetumormicroenvironment AT sherinefelsawa macrophagepolarizationstatesinthetumormicroenvironment |