Smoking during pregnancy and its effect on placental weight: a Mendelian randomization study
Abstract Background The causal relationship between maternal smoking in pregnancy and reduced offspring birth weight is well established and is likely due to impaired placental function. However, observational studies have given conflicting results on the association between smoking and placental we...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2024-04-01
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Series: | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06431-0 |