Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future
Abstract Urological cancers are common malignant cancers worldwide, with annually increasing morbidity and mortality rates. For decades, two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models have been widely used to study the development and underlying molecular mechanisms of urological cancers. However,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Cell & Bioscience |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-022-00866-8 |
| _version_ | 1828759249587535872 |
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| author | Haotian Chen Wentao Zhang Niraj Maskey Fuhan Yang Zongtai Zheng Cheng Li Ruiliang Wang Pengfei Wu Shiyu Mao Junfeng Zhang Yang Yan Wei Li Xudong Yao |
| author_facet | Haotian Chen Wentao Zhang Niraj Maskey Fuhan Yang Zongtai Zheng Cheng Li Ruiliang Wang Pengfei Wu Shiyu Mao Junfeng Zhang Yang Yan Wei Li Xudong Yao |
| author_sort | Haotian Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Urological cancers are common malignant cancers worldwide, with annually increasing morbidity and mortality rates. For decades, two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models have been widely used to study the development and underlying molecular mechanisms of urological cancers. However, they either fail to reflect cancer heterogeneity or are time-consuming and labour-intensive. The recent emergence of a three-dimensional culture model called organoid has the potential to overcome the shortcomings of traditional models. For example, organoids can recapitulate the histopathological and molecular diversity of original cancer and reflect the interaction between cancer and surrounding cells or stroma by simulating tumour microenvironments. Emerging evidence suggests that urine-derived organoids can be generated, which could be a novel non-invasive liquid biopsy method that provides new ideas for clinical precision therapy. However, the current research on organoids has encountered some bottlenecks, such as the lack of a standard culture process, the need to optimize the culture medium and the inability to completely simulate the immune system in vivo. Nonetheless, cell co-culture and organoid-on-a-chip have significant potential to solve these problems. In this review, the latest applications of organoids in drug screening, cancer origin investigation and combined single-cell sequencing are illustrated. Furthermore, the development and application of organoids in urological cancers and their challenges are summarised. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:54:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7658b49152db4d79b6d13f41407a2f16 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-3701 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T00:54:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cell & Bioscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-7658b49152db4d79b6d13f41407a2f162022-12-22T01:26:31ZengBMCCell & Bioscience2045-37012022-08-0112112210.1186/s13578-022-00866-8Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and futureHaotian Chen0Wentao Zhang1Niraj Maskey2Fuhan Yang3Zongtai Zheng4Cheng Li5Ruiliang Wang6Pengfei Wu7Shiyu Mao8Junfeng Zhang9Yang Yan10Wei Li11Xudong Yao12Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityUrologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityDepartment of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji UniversityAbstract Urological cancers are common malignant cancers worldwide, with annually increasing morbidity and mortality rates. For decades, two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models have been widely used to study the development and underlying molecular mechanisms of urological cancers. However, they either fail to reflect cancer heterogeneity or are time-consuming and labour-intensive. The recent emergence of a three-dimensional culture model called organoid has the potential to overcome the shortcomings of traditional models. For example, organoids can recapitulate the histopathological and molecular diversity of original cancer and reflect the interaction between cancer and surrounding cells or stroma by simulating tumour microenvironments. Emerging evidence suggests that urine-derived organoids can be generated, which could be a novel non-invasive liquid biopsy method that provides new ideas for clinical precision therapy. However, the current research on organoids has encountered some bottlenecks, such as the lack of a standard culture process, the need to optimize the culture medium and the inability to completely simulate the immune system in vivo. Nonetheless, cell co-culture and organoid-on-a-chip have significant potential to solve these problems. In this review, the latest applications of organoids in drug screening, cancer origin investigation and combined single-cell sequencing are illustrated. Furthermore, the development and application of organoids in urological cancers and their challenges are summarised.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-022-00866-8OrganoidsUrological cancerOrganoid applicationsOrganoid challengesPersonalized medicine |
| spellingShingle | Haotian Chen Wentao Zhang Niraj Maskey Fuhan Yang Zongtai Zheng Cheng Li Ruiliang Wang Pengfei Wu Shiyu Mao Junfeng Zhang Yang Yan Wei Li Xudong Yao Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future Cell & Bioscience Organoids Urological cancer Organoid applications Organoid challenges Personalized medicine |
| title | Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future |
| title_full | Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future |
| title_fullStr | Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future |
| title_short | Urological cancer organoids, patients' avatars for precision medicine: past, present and future |
| title_sort | urological cancer organoids patients avatars for precision medicine past present and future |
| topic | Organoids Urological cancer Organoid applications Organoid challenges Personalized medicine |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-022-00866-8 |
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