The variability of Joule heating, and its effects on the ionosphere and thermosphere
A considerable fraction of the solar wind energy that crosses the magnetopause ends up in the high-latitude thermosphere-ionosphere system as a result of Joule heating, the consequences of which are very significant and global in nature. Often Joule heating calculations use hourly averages o...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2001-07-01
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| Series: | Annales Geophysicae |
| Online Access: | https://www.ann-geophys.net/19/773/2001/angeo-19-773-2001.pdf |
| _version_ | 1829100581042520064 |
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| author | A. S. Rodger G. D. Wells G. D. Wells R. J. Moffett G. J. Bailey |
| author_facet | A. S. Rodger G. D. Wells G. D. Wells R. J. Moffett G. J. Bailey |
| author_sort | A. S. Rodger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A considerable fraction
of the solar wind energy that crosses the magnetopause ends up in the
high-latitude thermosphere-ionosphere system as a result of Joule heating, the
consequences of which are very significant and global in nature. Often Joule
heating calculations use hourly averages of the electric field, rather than the
time-varying electric field. This leads to an underestimation of the heating.
In this paper, we determine the magnitude of the underestimation of Joule
heating by analysing electric field data from the EISCAT Incoherent Scatter
Radar, situated at the 67° E magnetic latitude. We find that the
underestimation, using hourly-averaged electric field values, is normally ~20%,
with an upper value of about 65%. We find that these values are
insensitive to changes in solar flux, magnetic activity and magnetic local
time, implying that the electric field fluctuations are linear related to the
amplitude of the electric field. Assuming that these changes are representative
of the entire auroral oval, we then use a coupled ionosphere-thermosphere model
to calculate the local changes these underestimations in the heating rate cause
to the neutral temperature, mean molecular mass and meridional wind. The
changes in each parameter are of the order of a few percent but they result in
a reduction in the peak F-region concentration of ~20% in the summer
hemisphere at high latitudes, and about half of this level in the winter
hemisphere. We suggest that these calculations could be used to add corrections
to modelled values of Joule heating.<br><br><b>Key words. </b>Ionosphere (eletric
fields and currents; ionospheric disturbances; polar ionosphere) |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T22:34:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-76aaed8e7aae4af299d8c7a30b2803c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0992-7689 1432-0576 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T22:34:17Z |
| publishDate | 2001-07-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annales Geophysicae |
| spelling | doaj.art-76aaed8e7aae4af299d8c7a30b2803c22022-12-22T01:30:57ZengCopernicus PublicationsAnnales Geophysicae0992-76891432-05762001-07-011977378110.5194/angeo-19-773-2001The variability of Joule heating, and its effects on the ionosphere and thermosphereA. S. Rodger0G. D. Wells1G. D. Wells2R. J. Moffett3G. J. Bailey4British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UKNow at Electromagnetic Engineering and Test, W423, BAE SYSTEMS, Warton Aerodrome, Warton, Preston, Lancashire, PR4 1AX, UKSpace and Atmosphere Research Group, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UKSpace and Atmosphere Research Group, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UKSpace and Atmosphere Research Group, Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UKA considerable fraction of the solar wind energy that crosses the magnetopause ends up in the high-latitude thermosphere-ionosphere system as a result of Joule heating, the consequences of which are very significant and global in nature. Often Joule heating calculations use hourly averages of the electric field, rather than the time-varying electric field. This leads to an underestimation of the heating. In this paper, we determine the magnitude of the underestimation of Joule heating by analysing electric field data from the EISCAT Incoherent Scatter Radar, situated at the 67° E magnetic latitude. We find that the underestimation, using hourly-averaged electric field values, is normally ~20%, with an upper value of about 65%. We find that these values are insensitive to changes in solar flux, magnetic activity and magnetic local time, implying that the electric field fluctuations are linear related to the amplitude of the electric field. Assuming that these changes are representative of the entire auroral oval, we then use a coupled ionosphere-thermosphere model to calculate the local changes these underestimations in the heating rate cause to the neutral temperature, mean molecular mass and meridional wind. The changes in each parameter are of the order of a few percent but they result in a reduction in the peak F-region concentration of ~20% in the summer hemisphere at high latitudes, and about half of this level in the winter hemisphere. We suggest that these calculations could be used to add corrections to modelled values of Joule heating.<br><br><b>Key words. </b>Ionosphere (eletric fields and currents; ionospheric disturbances; polar ionosphere)https://www.ann-geophys.net/19/773/2001/angeo-19-773-2001.pdf |
| spellingShingle | A. S. Rodger G. D. Wells G. D. Wells R. J. Moffett G. J. Bailey The variability of Joule heating, and its effects on the ionosphere and thermosphere Annales Geophysicae |
| title | The variability of Joule heating, and its effects on the ionosphere and thermosphere |
| title_full | The variability of Joule heating, and its effects on the ionosphere and thermosphere |
| title_fullStr | The variability of Joule heating, and its effects on the ionosphere and thermosphere |
| title_full_unstemmed | The variability of Joule heating, and its effects on the ionosphere and thermosphere |
| title_short | The variability of Joule heating, and its effects on the ionosphere and thermosphere |
| title_sort | variability of joule heating and its effects on the ionosphere and thermosphere |
| url | https://www.ann-geophys.net/19/773/2001/angeo-19-773-2001.pdf |
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