Beyond the Anticodon: tRNA Core Modifications and Their Impact on Structure, Translation and Stress Adaptation
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are heavily decorated with post-transcriptional chemical modifications. Approximately 100 different modifications have been identified in tRNAs, and each tRNA typically contains 5–15 modifications that are incorporated at specific sites along the tRNA sequence. These modificati...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Genes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/15/3/374 |
| _version_ | 1797240899619520512 |
|---|---|
| author | Marcel-Joseph Yared Agathe Marcelot Pierre Barraud |
| author_facet | Marcel-Joseph Yared Agathe Marcelot Pierre Barraud |
| author_sort | Marcel-Joseph Yared |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are heavily decorated with post-transcriptional chemical modifications. Approximately 100 different modifications have been identified in tRNAs, and each tRNA typically contains 5–15 modifications that are incorporated at specific sites along the tRNA sequence. These modifications may be classified into two groups according to their position in the three-dimensional tRNA structure, i.e., modifications in the tRNA core and modifications in the anticodon-loop (ACL) region. Since many modified nucleotides in the tRNA core are involved in the formation of tertiary interactions implicated in tRNA folding, these modifications are key to tRNA stability and resistance to RNA decay pathways. In comparison to the extensively studied ACL modifications, tRNA core modifications have generally received less attention, although they have been shown to play important roles beyond tRNA stability. Here, we review and place in perspective selected data on tRNA core modifications. We present their impact on tRNA structure and stability and report how these changes manifest themselves at the functional level in translation, fitness and stress adaptation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:14:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-772b5062965d43abbe5156e319541749 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:14:46Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-772b5062965d43abbe5156e3195417492024-03-27T13:43:14ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252024-03-0115337410.3390/genes15030374Beyond the Anticodon: tRNA Core Modifications and Their Impact on Structure, Translation and Stress AdaptationMarcel-Joseph Yared0Agathe Marcelot1Pierre Barraud2Expression Génétique Microbienne, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, FranceExpression Génétique Microbienne, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, FranceExpression Génétique Microbienne, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, F-75005 Paris, FranceTransfer RNAs (tRNAs) are heavily decorated with post-transcriptional chemical modifications. Approximately 100 different modifications have been identified in tRNAs, and each tRNA typically contains 5–15 modifications that are incorporated at specific sites along the tRNA sequence. These modifications may be classified into two groups according to their position in the three-dimensional tRNA structure, i.e., modifications in the tRNA core and modifications in the anticodon-loop (ACL) region. Since many modified nucleotides in the tRNA core are involved in the formation of tertiary interactions implicated in tRNA folding, these modifications are key to tRNA stability and resistance to RNA decay pathways. In comparison to the extensively studied ACL modifications, tRNA core modifications have generally received less attention, although they have been shown to play important roles beyond tRNA stability. Here, we review and place in perspective selected data on tRNA core modifications. We present their impact on tRNA structure and stability and report how these changes manifest themselves at the functional level in translation, fitness and stress adaptation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/15/3/374transfer RNAspost-transcriptional modificationstRNA modificationstRNA stabilitymodification circuitstranslation |
| spellingShingle | Marcel-Joseph Yared Agathe Marcelot Pierre Barraud Beyond the Anticodon: tRNA Core Modifications and Their Impact on Structure, Translation and Stress Adaptation Genes transfer RNAs post-transcriptional modifications tRNA modifications tRNA stability modification circuits translation |
| title | Beyond the Anticodon: tRNA Core Modifications and Their Impact on Structure, Translation and Stress Adaptation |
| title_full | Beyond the Anticodon: tRNA Core Modifications and Their Impact on Structure, Translation and Stress Adaptation |
| title_fullStr | Beyond the Anticodon: tRNA Core Modifications and Their Impact on Structure, Translation and Stress Adaptation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beyond the Anticodon: tRNA Core Modifications and Their Impact on Structure, Translation and Stress Adaptation |
| title_short | Beyond the Anticodon: tRNA Core Modifications and Their Impact on Structure, Translation and Stress Adaptation |
| title_sort | beyond the anticodon trna core modifications and their impact on structure translation and stress adaptation |
| topic | transfer RNAs post-transcriptional modifications tRNA modifications tRNA stability modification circuits translation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/15/3/374 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marceljosephyared beyondtheanticodontrnacoremodificationsandtheirimpactonstructuretranslationandstressadaptation AT agathemarcelot beyondtheanticodontrnacoremodificationsandtheirimpactonstructuretranslationandstressadaptation AT pierrebarraud beyondtheanticodontrnacoremodificationsandtheirimpactonstructuretranslationandstressadaptation |