Yeast-Hydrolysate-Derived 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic Acid Inhibits Fat Accumulation during Adipocyte Differentiation
This study aimed to investigate the impact of yeast hydrolysate (YH) on lipogenesis, elucidate its mechanistic action, and identify the active compounds responsible for its anti-adipogenic effects. YH (2 mg/mL) significantly reduced Oil Red O-stained lipids. YH (2 mg/mL) also downregulated C/EBPβ an...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/18/3466 |
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| author | Nari Kim Sekyung Lee Eun-Jin Jung Eun Young Jung Un-Jae Chang Cheng-Min Jin Hyung Joo Suh Hyeon-Son Choi |
| author_facet | Nari Kim Sekyung Lee Eun-Jin Jung Eun Young Jung Un-Jae Chang Cheng-Min Jin Hyung Joo Suh Hyeon-Son Choi |
| author_sort | Nari Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed to investigate the impact of yeast hydrolysate (YH) on lipogenesis, elucidate its mechanistic action, and identify the active compounds responsible for its anti-adipogenic effects. YH (2 mg/mL) significantly reduced Oil Red O-stained lipids. YH (2 mg/mL) also downregulated C/EBPβ and upregulated KLF2, both of which are early adipogenic factors. Moreover, YH (2 mg/mL) decreased C/EBPα, PPARγ, FABP4, FAS, ACC, and HMGCR mRNA expression. Additionally, YH significantly downregulated SEBP1c and SREBP2 and their target genes, which govern fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism; however, 2 mg/mL YH had a greater suppressive effect on SREBP1c than on SREBP2. YH (2 mg/mL) also significantly reduced the mRNA level of G6PD and malic enzyme, which are enzymes that synthesize NADPH for lipid synthesis, compared with the control. Furthermore, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) was identified as the active compound with anti-adipogenic effects using solvent fractionation and chromatographic analysis of YH, and 1.1 μg/mL MTCA significantly downregulated SREBP1c/SREBP2 mRNAs by 47.8% and 69.2%, respectively, along with the target genes FAS, ACC, and HMGCR by 79.0%, 77.0%, and 40.9%, respectively. Collectively, YH effectively suppressed adipogenic lipid storage by downregulating SREBP- and NADPH-synthesizing genes. These findings suggest that YH containing MTCA has the potential to act as an anti-obesity agent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:45:23Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:45:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-79420fd4f6e546a5ba5cfdf2fc2ec5702023-11-19T10:43:33ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-09-011218346610.3390/foods12183466Yeast-Hydrolysate-Derived 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic Acid Inhibits Fat Accumulation during Adipocyte DifferentiationNari Kim0Sekyung Lee1Eun-Jin Jung2Eun Young Jung3Un-Jae Chang4Cheng-Min Jin5Hyung Joo Suh6Hyeon-Son Choi7Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Home Economic Education, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, Republic of KoreaAnalysis and Research Department, NeuroVIS, Inc., Hwaseong-si 18469, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Nutrition, Sangmyung University, Hongjimun 2-Gil 20, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of KoreaThis study aimed to investigate the impact of yeast hydrolysate (YH) on lipogenesis, elucidate its mechanistic action, and identify the active compounds responsible for its anti-adipogenic effects. YH (2 mg/mL) significantly reduced Oil Red O-stained lipids. YH (2 mg/mL) also downregulated C/EBPβ and upregulated KLF2, both of which are early adipogenic factors. Moreover, YH (2 mg/mL) decreased C/EBPα, PPARγ, FABP4, FAS, ACC, and HMGCR mRNA expression. Additionally, YH significantly downregulated SEBP1c and SREBP2 and their target genes, which govern fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism; however, 2 mg/mL YH had a greater suppressive effect on SREBP1c than on SREBP2. YH (2 mg/mL) also significantly reduced the mRNA level of G6PD and malic enzyme, which are enzymes that synthesize NADPH for lipid synthesis, compared with the control. Furthermore, 1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA) was identified as the active compound with anti-adipogenic effects using solvent fractionation and chromatographic analysis of YH, and 1.1 μg/mL MTCA significantly downregulated SREBP1c/SREBP2 mRNAs by 47.8% and 69.2%, respectively, along with the target genes FAS, ACC, and HMGCR by 79.0%, 77.0%, and 40.9%, respectively. Collectively, YH effectively suppressed adipogenic lipid storage by downregulating SREBP- and NADPH-synthesizing genes. These findings suggest that YH containing MTCA has the potential to act as an anti-obesity agent.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/18/3466yeast hydrolysate (YH)adipogenic factorlipid synthesisSREBPsMTCA |
| spellingShingle | Nari Kim Sekyung Lee Eun-Jin Jung Eun Young Jung Un-Jae Chang Cheng-Min Jin Hyung Joo Suh Hyeon-Son Choi Yeast-Hydrolysate-Derived 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic Acid Inhibits Fat Accumulation during Adipocyte Differentiation Foods yeast hydrolysate (YH) adipogenic factor lipid synthesis SREBPs MTCA |
| title | Yeast-Hydrolysate-Derived 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic Acid Inhibits Fat Accumulation during Adipocyte Differentiation |
| title_full | Yeast-Hydrolysate-Derived 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic Acid Inhibits Fat Accumulation during Adipocyte Differentiation |
| title_fullStr | Yeast-Hydrolysate-Derived 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic Acid Inhibits Fat Accumulation during Adipocyte Differentiation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Yeast-Hydrolysate-Derived 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic Acid Inhibits Fat Accumulation during Adipocyte Differentiation |
| title_short | Yeast-Hydrolysate-Derived 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic Acid Inhibits Fat Accumulation during Adipocyte Differentiation |
| title_sort | yeast hydrolysate derived 1 methyl 1 2 3 4 tetrahydro β carboline 3 carboxylic acid inhibits fat accumulation during adipocyte differentiation |
| topic | yeast hydrolysate (YH) adipogenic factor lipid synthesis SREBPs MTCA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/18/3466 |
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