| Summary: | Small grains are a group of ancient grains that have been cultivated in different parts of the world for thousands of years, have high nutritional value, are resistant to drought, play a key role in agricultural resilience, and are adaptive to climate change. Of emerging concern globally, however, is that several varieties of small grains and related agricultural knowledge and practices are disappearing owing to the promotion and efficiency of industrial farming methods, agricultural intensification, and marked shifts in generational commitment to small grains cultivation and changing relationships with the land. This case study presents the findings of an in-depth ethnography of a farmer in Shiiba Village, Japan, who grows local varieties of small grains using traditional shifting cultivation methods. Explored in this study is the meaning of small grains cultivation and benefits and significance of this practice for a farmer and the implications for society and the environment. Four themes related to meaning emerged from this case study: (a) small grains cultivation is a source of life across generations; (b) harmony: restoring the forest and co-existing with wild animals; (c) collaboration and revitalization of the local community; (d) a way of life. As a result of the meaning of the practice and his commitment to ensure the survival of small grains cultivation, a potential pathway is introduced involving collective responsibility and the contribution to the health of humans and the ecosystems.
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