The road to gold: training and peaking characteristics in the year prior to a gold medal endurance performance.
<h4>Purpose</h4>To describe training variations across the annual cycle in Olympic and World Champion endurance athletes, and determine whether these athletes used tapering strategies in line with recommendations in the literature.<h4>Methods</h4>Eleven elite XC skiers and bi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25019608/pdf/?tool=EBI |
| _version_ | 1819319458093596672 |
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| author | Espen Tønnessen Øystein Sylta Thomas A Haugen Erlend Hem Ida S Svendsen Stephen Seiler |
| author_facet | Espen Tønnessen Øystein Sylta Thomas A Haugen Erlend Hem Ida S Svendsen Stephen Seiler |
| author_sort | Espen Tønnessen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Purpose</h4>To describe training variations across the annual cycle in Olympic and World Champion endurance athletes, and determine whether these athletes used tapering strategies in line with recommendations in the literature.<h4>Methods</h4>Eleven elite XC skiers and biathletes (4 male; 28±1 yr, 85±5 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1) VO2max, 7 female, 25±4 yr, 73±3 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1) VO2max) reported one year of day-to-day training leading up to the most successful competition of their career. Training data were divided into periodization and peaking phases and distributed into training forms, intensity zones and endurance activity forms.<h4>Results</h4>Athletes trained ∼800 h/500 sessions x year(-1), including ∼500 h x year(-1) of sport-specific training. Ninety-four percent of all training was executed as aerobic endurance training. Of this, ∼90% was low intensity training (LIT, below the first lactate threshold) and 10% high intensity training (HIT, above the first lactate threshold) by time. Categorically, 23% of training sessions were characterized as HIT with primary portions executed at or above the first lactate turn point. Training volume and specificity distribution conformed to a traditional periodization model, but absolute volume of HIT remained stable across phases. However, HIT training patterns tended to become more polarized in the competition phase. Training volume, frequency and intensity remained unchanged from pre-peaking to peaking period, but there was a 32±15% (P<.01) volume reduction from the preparation period to peaking phase.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The annual training data for these Olympic and World champion XC skiers and biathletes conforms to previously reported training patterns of elite endurance athletes. During the competition phase, training became more sport-specific, with 92% performed as XC skiing. However, they did not follow suggested tapering practice derived from short-term experimental studies. Only three out of 11 athletes took a rest day during the final 5 days prior to their most successful competition. |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-79df4522fa3b46748ec1a4a6de1c8617 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T11:04:00Z |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-79df4522fa3b46748ec1a4a6de1c86172022-12-21T16:58:40ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0197e10179610.1371/journal.pone.0101796The road to gold: training and peaking characteristics in the year prior to a gold medal endurance performance.Espen TønnessenØystein SyltaThomas A HaugenErlend HemIda S SvendsenStephen Seiler<h4>Purpose</h4>To describe training variations across the annual cycle in Olympic and World Champion endurance athletes, and determine whether these athletes used tapering strategies in line with recommendations in the literature.<h4>Methods</h4>Eleven elite XC skiers and biathletes (4 male; 28±1 yr, 85±5 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1) VO2max, 7 female, 25±4 yr, 73±3 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1) VO2max) reported one year of day-to-day training leading up to the most successful competition of their career. Training data were divided into periodization and peaking phases and distributed into training forms, intensity zones and endurance activity forms.<h4>Results</h4>Athletes trained ∼800 h/500 sessions x year(-1), including ∼500 h x year(-1) of sport-specific training. Ninety-four percent of all training was executed as aerobic endurance training. Of this, ∼90% was low intensity training (LIT, below the first lactate threshold) and 10% high intensity training (HIT, above the first lactate threshold) by time. Categorically, 23% of training sessions were characterized as HIT with primary portions executed at or above the first lactate turn point. Training volume and specificity distribution conformed to a traditional periodization model, but absolute volume of HIT remained stable across phases. However, HIT training patterns tended to become more polarized in the competition phase. Training volume, frequency and intensity remained unchanged from pre-peaking to peaking period, but there was a 32±15% (P<.01) volume reduction from the preparation period to peaking phase.<h4>Conclusions</h4>The annual training data for these Olympic and World champion XC skiers and biathletes conforms to previously reported training patterns of elite endurance athletes. During the competition phase, training became more sport-specific, with 92% performed as XC skiing. However, they did not follow suggested tapering practice derived from short-term experimental studies. Only three out of 11 athletes took a rest day during the final 5 days prior to their most successful competition.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25019608/pdf/?tool=EBI |
| spellingShingle | Espen Tønnessen Øystein Sylta Thomas A Haugen Erlend Hem Ida S Svendsen Stephen Seiler The road to gold: training and peaking characteristics in the year prior to a gold medal endurance performance. PLoS ONE |
| title | The road to gold: training and peaking characteristics in the year prior to a gold medal endurance performance. |
| title_full | The road to gold: training and peaking characteristics in the year prior to a gold medal endurance performance. |
| title_fullStr | The road to gold: training and peaking characteristics in the year prior to a gold medal endurance performance. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The road to gold: training and peaking characteristics in the year prior to a gold medal endurance performance. |
| title_short | The road to gold: training and peaking characteristics in the year prior to a gold medal endurance performance. |
| title_sort | road to gold training and peaking characteristics in the year prior to a gold medal endurance performance |
| url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25019608/pdf/?tool=EBI |
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