Autophagy in acute brain injury: Feast, famine, or folly?

In the central nervous system, increased autophagy has now been reported after traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage, and seizures. This increase in autophagy could be physiologic, converting damaged or dysfunctional proteins, lipids, and/or organelles t...

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Main Authors: Craig M. Smith, Yaming Chen, Mara L. Sullivan, Patrick M. Kochanek, Robert S.B. Clark
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2011-07-01
Series:Neurobiology of Disease
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996110003153
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author Craig M. Smith
Yaming Chen
Mara L. Sullivan
Patrick M. Kochanek
Robert S.B. Clark
author_facet Craig M. Smith
Yaming Chen
Mara L. Sullivan
Patrick M. Kochanek
Robert S.B. Clark
author_sort Craig M. Smith
collection DOAJ
description In the central nervous system, increased autophagy has now been reported after traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage, and seizures. This increase in autophagy could be physiologic, converting damaged or dysfunctional proteins, lipids, and/or organelles to their amino acid and fatty acid components for recycling. On the other hand, this increase in autophagy could be supraphysiologic, perhaps consuming and eliminating functional proteins, lipids, and/or organelles as well. Whether an increase in autophagy is beneficial (feast) or detrimental (famine) in brain likely depends on both the burden of intracellular substrate targeted for autophagy and the capacity of the cell's autophagic machinery. Of course, increased autophagy observed after brain injury could also simply be an epiphenomenon (folly). These divergent possibilities have clear ramifications for designing therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy after acute brain injury and are the subject of this review. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Autophagy and protein degradation in neurological diseases.”
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spelling doaj.art-7c73dd76c8f446c8ad569a52def682472022-12-21T22:20:50ZengElsevierNeurobiology of Disease1095-953X2011-07-014315259Autophagy in acute brain injury: Feast, famine, or folly?Craig M. Smith0Yaming Chen1Mara L. Sullivan2Patrick M. Kochanek3Robert S.B. Clark4Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Brain Trauma Research Center, and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Brain Trauma Research Center, and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Physiology, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Brain Trauma Research Center, and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Brain Trauma Research Center, and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Brain Trauma Research Center, and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Brain Trauma Research Center, and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Brain Trauma Research Center, and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Corresponding author. Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, 3434 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260. Fax: +1 412 692 6076.In the central nervous system, increased autophagy has now been reported after traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage, and seizures. This increase in autophagy could be physiologic, converting damaged or dysfunctional proteins, lipids, and/or organelles to their amino acid and fatty acid components for recycling. On the other hand, this increase in autophagy could be supraphysiologic, perhaps consuming and eliminating functional proteins, lipids, and/or organelles as well. Whether an increase in autophagy is beneficial (feast) or detrimental (famine) in brain likely depends on both the burden of intracellular substrate targeted for autophagy and the capacity of the cell's autophagic machinery. Of course, increased autophagy observed after brain injury could also simply be an epiphenomenon (folly). These divergent possibilities have clear ramifications for designing therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy after acute brain injury and are the subject of this review. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled “Autophagy and protein degradation in neurological diseases.”http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996110003153AutophagosomeAutophagic stressHypoxia–ischemiaLipophagyMitophagyTraumatic brain injury
spellingShingle Craig M. Smith
Yaming Chen
Mara L. Sullivan
Patrick M. Kochanek
Robert S.B. Clark
Autophagy in acute brain injury: Feast, famine, or folly?
Neurobiology of Disease
Autophagosome
Autophagic stress
Hypoxia–ischemia
Lipophagy
Mitophagy
Traumatic brain injury
title Autophagy in acute brain injury: Feast, famine, or folly?
title_full Autophagy in acute brain injury: Feast, famine, or folly?
title_fullStr Autophagy in acute brain injury: Feast, famine, or folly?
title_full_unstemmed Autophagy in acute brain injury: Feast, famine, or folly?
title_short Autophagy in acute brain injury: Feast, famine, or folly?
title_sort autophagy in acute brain injury feast famine or folly
topic Autophagosome
Autophagic stress
Hypoxia–ischemia
Lipophagy
Mitophagy
Traumatic brain injury
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969996110003153
work_keys_str_mv AT craigmsmith autophagyinacutebraininjuryfeastfamineorfolly
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AT maralsullivan autophagyinacutebraininjuryfeastfamineorfolly
AT patrickmkochanek autophagyinacutebraininjuryfeastfamineorfolly
AT robertsbclark autophagyinacutebraininjuryfeastfamineorfolly