Efficient, Formal, Material, and Final Causes in Biology and Technology
This paper considers how a classification of causal effects as comprising efficient, formal, material, and final causation can provide a useful understanding of how emergence takes place in biology and technology, with formal, material, and final causation all including cases of downward causation;...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Entropy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/25/9/1301 |