The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes
Hollow nanostructures are ranked among the top materials for applications in various modern technological areas including energy storage devices, catalyst, optics and sensors. The last years have witnessed increasing interest in the Kirkendall effect as a versatile route to fabricate hollow nanostru...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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Beilstein-Institut
2015-06-01
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Series: | Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.139 |
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author | Abdel-Aziz El Mel Ryusuke Nakamura Carla Bittencourt |
author_facet | Abdel-Aziz El Mel Ryusuke Nakamura Carla Bittencourt |
author_sort | Abdel-Aziz El Mel |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Hollow nanostructures are ranked among the top materials for applications in various modern technological areas including energy storage devices, catalyst, optics and sensors. The last years have witnessed increasing interest in the Kirkendall effect as a versatile route to fabricate hollow nanostructures with different shapes, compositions and functionalities. Although the conversion chemistry of nanostructures from solid to hollow has reached a very advanced maturity, there is still much to be discovered and learned on this effect. Here, the recent progress on the use of the Kirkendall effect to synthesize hollow nanospheres and nanotubes is reviewed with a special emphasis on the fundamental mechanisms occurring during such a conversion process. The discussion includes the oxidation of metal nanostructures (i.e., nanospheres and nanowires), which is an important process involving the Kirkendall effect. For nanospheres, the symmetrical and the asymmetrical mechanisms are both reviewed and compared on the basis of recent reports in the literature. For nanotubes, in addition to a summary of the conversion processes, the unusual effects observed in some particular cases (e.g., formation of segmented or bamboo-like nanotubes) are summarized and discussed. Finally, we conclude with a summary, where the prospective future direction of this research field is discussed. |
first_indexed | 2024-12-20T12:06:46Z |
format | Article |
id | doaj.art-7e0cbb50e56542019abbe635a8751cb9 |
institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
issn | 2190-4286 |
language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-12-20T12:06:46Z |
publishDate | 2015-06-01 |
publisher | Beilstein-Institut |
record_format | Article |
series | Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology |
spelling | doaj.art-7e0cbb50e56542019abbe635a8751cb92022-12-21T19:41:22ZengBeilstein-InstitutBeilstein Journal of Nanotechnology2190-42862015-06-01611348136110.3762/bjnano.6.1392190-4286-6-139The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubesAbdel-Aziz El Mel0Ryusuke Nakamura1Carla Bittencourt2Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 32229, 44322 Nantes cedex 3, FranceDepartment of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho 1-1, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, JapanChimie des Interactions Plasma-Surface (ChIPS), CIRMAP, Research Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, BelgiumHollow nanostructures are ranked among the top materials for applications in various modern technological areas including energy storage devices, catalyst, optics and sensors. The last years have witnessed increasing interest in the Kirkendall effect as a versatile route to fabricate hollow nanostructures with different shapes, compositions and functionalities. Although the conversion chemistry of nanostructures from solid to hollow has reached a very advanced maturity, there is still much to be discovered and learned on this effect. Here, the recent progress on the use of the Kirkendall effect to synthesize hollow nanospheres and nanotubes is reviewed with a special emphasis on the fundamental mechanisms occurring during such a conversion process. The discussion includes the oxidation of metal nanostructures (i.e., nanospheres and nanowires), which is an important process involving the Kirkendall effect. For nanospheres, the symmetrical and the asymmetrical mechanisms are both reviewed and compared on the basis of recent reports in the literature. For nanotubes, in addition to a summary of the conversion processes, the unusual effects observed in some particular cases (e.g., formation of segmented or bamboo-like nanotubes) are summarized and discussed. Finally, we conclude with a summary, where the prospective future direction of this research field is discussed.https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.139hollow nanospheresKirkendall effectmetalsnanotubesoxides |
spellingShingle | Abdel-Aziz El Mel Ryusuke Nakamura Carla Bittencourt The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology hollow nanospheres Kirkendall effect metals nanotubes oxides |
title | The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes |
title_full | The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes |
title_fullStr | The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes |
title_full_unstemmed | The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes |
title_short | The Kirkendall effect and nanoscience: hollow nanospheres and nanotubes |
title_sort | kirkendall effect and nanoscience hollow nanospheres and nanotubes |
topic | hollow nanospheres Kirkendall effect metals nanotubes oxides |
url | https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.139 |
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