Intelligence, education level, and risk of Parkinson’s disease in European populations: A Mendelian randomization study

Intelligence, education level, and risk of Parkinson’s disease in European populations: A Mendelian randomization study

Background: A high level of education or intelligence (IQ) is reported to be a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the causal relationships between IQ, educational attainment (EA), cognitive performance, and PD.Methods: We used summary st...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jingjing Shi, Jie Tian, Yu Fan, Xiaoyan Hao, Mengjie Li, Jiadi Li, Dongrui Ma, Mengnan Guo, Shuangjie Li, Yuming Xu, Changhe Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Genetics
Subjects:
Parkinson's disease
mendelian randomization
intelligence
educational attainment
cognitive performance
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.963163/full

Internet

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.963163/full

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