Intelligence, education level, and risk of Parkinson’s disease in European populations: A Mendelian randomization study
Background: A high level of education or intelligence (IQ) is reported to be a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the causal relationships between IQ, educational attainment (EA), cognitive performance, and PD.Methods: We used summary st...
Main Authors: | Jingjing Shi, Jie Tian, Yu Fan, Xiaoyan Hao, Mengjie Li, Jiadi Li, Dongrui Ma, Mengnan Guo, Shuangjie Li, Yuming Xu, Changhe Shi |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Genetics |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fgene.2022.963163/full |
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