Changes and stability of hand nicotine levels in children of smokers: Associations with urinary biomarkers, reported child tobacco smoke exposure, and home smoking bans
Background: Exposure to thirdhand smoke (THS) residue takes place through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal transfer. Hand nicotine levels have been proposed to measure THS pollution in the environment of children, but little is known about its variability and stability over time and correlates of c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412023005123 |