Comparison of bladder carcinogenesis biomarkers in the urine of traditional cigarette users and e-cigarette users
BackgroundDuring the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), users are still exposed to carcinogens similar to those found in tobacco products. Since these carcinogens are metabolized and excreted in urine, they may have carcinogenic effects on the bladder urinary tract epithelium. This meta-an...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1385628/full |