Treatment with Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Ligands 3 and 21 Prevents Fecal Contact Transmission of Low Pathogenic H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) in Chickens

Treatment with Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Ligands 3 and 21 Prevents Fecal Contact Transmission of Low Pathogenic H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) in Chickens

Transmission of H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) can occur in poultry by direct or indirect contact with infected individuals, aerosols, large droplets and fomites. The current study investigated the potential of H9N2 AIV transmission in chickens via a fecal route. Transmission was monitored by expo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sugandha Raj, Ayumi Matsuyama-Kato, Mohammadali Alizadeh, Nitish Boodhoo, Eva Nagy, Samira Mubareka, Khalil Karimi, Shahriar Behboudi, Shayan Sharif
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-04-01
Series:Viruses
Subjects:
H9N2
AIV
transmission
fomites
chickens
feces
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/4/977

Internet

https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/4/977

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