Replacement of fish oil by alternative n-3 LC-PUFA rich lipid sources in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
IntroductionIn order to ensure lipid quality of cultured fish and an environmentally sustainable production, new alternative sources of EPA and DHA are needed to replace traditional lipid sources, such as fish oil.MethodsDifferent combinations of alternative marine lipid sources rich in n-3 LC-PUFA...
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| Materyal Türü: | Makale |
| Dil: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-12-01
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| Seri Bilgileri: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| Konular: | |
| Online Erişim: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1189319/full |
| _version_ | 1827595623752269824 |
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| author | Alexandra Marques Paula Canada Paula Canada Cátia Costa Ana Basto Ana Basto Fátima Piloto Maria Antónia Salgado Maria Antónia Salgado Helena Abreu Jorge Dias Jorge Dias Luisa M. P. Valente Luisa M. P. Valente |
| author_facet | Alexandra Marques Paula Canada Paula Canada Cátia Costa Ana Basto Ana Basto Fátima Piloto Maria Antónia Salgado Maria Antónia Salgado Helena Abreu Jorge Dias Jorge Dias Luisa M. P. Valente Luisa M. P. Valente |
| author_sort | Alexandra Marques |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionIn order to ensure lipid quality of cultured fish and an environmentally sustainable production, new alternative sources of EPA and DHA are needed to replace traditional lipid sources, such as fish oil.MethodsDifferent combinations of alternative marine lipid sources rich in n-3 LC-PUFA available in the market were herein evaluated to replace traditional fish oil (sardine oil) in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). A commercial-type diet (CTRL), containing 1.6% of EPA + DHA, 5% sardine oil and 8% rapeseed oil was used as a negative control. Another diet (SARDINE) formulated with 8.5% sardine oil, 4.5% rapeseed oil and 2.5% EPA + DHA was used as the positive control. Three experimental diets were formulated to completely replace sardine oil with alternative sources, targeting approximately the same EPA + DHA level as the positive control: the SALMON diet contained 9.9% salmon by-product oil mixed with 3.1% of an algal oil rich in EPA and DHA, while the ALGARAPE and the ALGASOY diets included 4.4% of the algal oil and 8.6% of either rapeseed or soybean oil, respectively. A sixth diet (ALGABLEND) was formulated to partially replace sardine oil with salmon by-product oil and rapeseed oil, balanced with 2% of algae biomass. The experimental diets were hand-fed to 118 g fish for 54 days. ResultsAll diets were well-accepted by fish and no significant differences were found in feed efficiency, growth performance, somatic indexes or whole body composition among treatments. At the end of the trial, regardless the dietary EPA + DHA level, all fillets contained more than 250 mg of EPA + DHA per 100 g fresh weight, meeting EFSA recommendations for cardiovascular risk prevention for European adults (> 250 mg day -1). DiscussionOverall, this study demonstrated that combining expensive sources of n-3 LC PUFA (Veramaris® or Algaessence Feed™ with low-priced sustainable oils (salmon by-products oil or vegetable oils) allows fortifying European sea bass flesh with EPA and DHA, without major textural changes. This approach is a successful strategy for mitigating the negative effects associated with the high inclusion of vegetable oils. However, the retention of n-3 LC-PUFA in muscle was not significantly increased, suggesting that there is a maximum dietary threshold beyond which β-oxidation might be promoted, and hence there is no advantage in increasing the dietary level of these fatty acids in European sea bass diets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:56:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-833f7d39651d40de9bf0e5184dc7c087 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T02:56:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-833f7d39651d40de9bf0e5184dc7c0872023-12-05T04:27:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452023-12-011010.3389/fmars.2023.11893191189319Replacement of fish oil by alternative n-3 LC-PUFA rich lipid sources in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)Alexandra Marques0Paula Canada1Paula Canada2Cátia Costa3Ana Basto4Ana Basto5Fátima Piloto6Maria Antónia Salgado7Maria Antónia Salgado8Helena Abreu9Jorge Dias10Jorge Dias11Luisa M. P. Valente12Luisa M. P. Valente13CIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, PortugalCIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, PortugalObservatório Oceânico da Madeira, ARDITI, Madeira Tecnopolo, Funchal, PortugalCIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, PortugalCIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, PortugalICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, PortugalICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, PortugalCIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, PortugalICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, PortugalALGAplus, Produção e Comercialização de Algas e seus Derivados Lda., Ílhavo, PortugalSPAROS Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Olhão, PortugalRIASEARCH Lda., Cais da Ribeira de Pardelhas, Murtosa, PortugalCIIMAR/CIMAR-LA, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, PortugalICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, PortugalIntroductionIn order to ensure lipid quality of cultured fish and an environmentally sustainable production, new alternative sources of EPA and DHA are needed to replace traditional lipid sources, such as fish oil.MethodsDifferent combinations of alternative marine lipid sources rich in n-3 LC-PUFA available in the market were herein evaluated to replace traditional fish oil (sardine oil) in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). A commercial-type diet (CTRL), containing 1.6% of EPA + DHA, 5% sardine oil and 8% rapeseed oil was used as a negative control. Another diet (SARDINE) formulated with 8.5% sardine oil, 4.5% rapeseed oil and 2.5% EPA + DHA was used as the positive control. Three experimental diets were formulated to completely replace sardine oil with alternative sources, targeting approximately the same EPA + DHA level as the positive control: the SALMON diet contained 9.9% salmon by-product oil mixed with 3.1% of an algal oil rich in EPA and DHA, while the ALGARAPE and the ALGASOY diets included 4.4% of the algal oil and 8.6% of either rapeseed or soybean oil, respectively. A sixth diet (ALGABLEND) was formulated to partially replace sardine oil with salmon by-product oil and rapeseed oil, balanced with 2% of algae biomass. The experimental diets were hand-fed to 118 g fish for 54 days. ResultsAll diets were well-accepted by fish and no significant differences were found in feed efficiency, growth performance, somatic indexes or whole body composition among treatments. At the end of the trial, regardless the dietary EPA + DHA level, all fillets contained more than 250 mg of EPA + DHA per 100 g fresh weight, meeting EFSA recommendations for cardiovascular risk prevention for European adults (> 250 mg day -1). DiscussionOverall, this study demonstrated that combining expensive sources of n-3 LC PUFA (Veramaris® or Algaessence Feed™ with low-priced sustainable oils (salmon by-products oil or vegetable oils) allows fortifying European sea bass flesh with EPA and DHA, without major textural changes. This approach is a successful strategy for mitigating the negative effects associated with the high inclusion of vegetable oils. However, the retention of n-3 LC-PUFA in muscle was not significantly increased, suggesting that there is a maximum dietary threshold beyond which β-oxidation might be promoted, and hence there is no advantage in increasing the dietary level of these fatty acids in European sea bass diets.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1189319/fullalgal oilEPA and DHAfish flesh qualityfish oil replacementomega-3 fatty acidssustainable aquaculture |
| spellingShingle | Alexandra Marques Paula Canada Paula Canada Cátia Costa Ana Basto Ana Basto Fátima Piloto Maria Antónia Salgado Maria Antónia Salgado Helena Abreu Jorge Dias Jorge Dias Luisa M. P. Valente Luisa M. P. Valente Replacement of fish oil by alternative n-3 LC-PUFA rich lipid sources in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Frontiers in Marine Science algal oil EPA and DHA fish flesh quality fish oil replacement omega-3 fatty acids sustainable aquaculture |
| title | Replacement of fish oil by alternative n-3 LC-PUFA rich lipid sources in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) |
| title_full | Replacement of fish oil by alternative n-3 LC-PUFA rich lipid sources in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) |
| title_fullStr | Replacement of fish oil by alternative n-3 LC-PUFA rich lipid sources in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Replacement of fish oil by alternative n-3 LC-PUFA rich lipid sources in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) |
| title_short | Replacement of fish oil by alternative n-3 LC-PUFA rich lipid sources in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) |
| title_sort | replacement of fish oil by alternative n 3 lc pufa rich lipid sources in diets for european sea bass dicentrarchus labrax |
| topic | algal oil EPA and DHA fish flesh quality fish oil replacement omega-3 fatty acids sustainable aquaculture |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1189319/full |
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