Follow‐up of the re‐evaluation of indigo carmine (E 132) as a food additive
Abstract Indigo carmine (E 312) was re‐evaluated in 2014 by the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient sources added to Food (ANS). The ANS Panel confirmed the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 5 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for indigo carmine allocated by JECFA (1975). The ANS Panel indicated t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-07-01
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| Series: | EFSA Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8103 |
| _version_ | 1827169593185009664 |
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| author | EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) Maged Younes Gabriele Aquilina Gisela Degen Karl‐Heinz Engel Paul Fowler Maria Jose Frutos Fernandez Peter Fürst Rainer Gürtler Trine Husøy Melania Manco Wim Mennes Sabina Passamonti Peter Moldeus Romina Shah Ine Waalkens‐Berendsen Matthew Wright Karlien Cheyns Reginald FitzGerald Manuela Mirat Alicja Mortensen Beate Ulbrich Ruud Woutersen Ana Maria Rincon Laura Ruggeri Camilla Smeraldi Alexandra Tard Ursula Gundert‐Remy |
| author_facet | EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) Maged Younes Gabriele Aquilina Gisela Degen Karl‐Heinz Engel Paul Fowler Maria Jose Frutos Fernandez Peter Fürst Rainer Gürtler Trine Husøy Melania Manco Wim Mennes Sabina Passamonti Peter Moldeus Romina Shah Ine Waalkens‐Berendsen Matthew Wright Karlien Cheyns Reginald FitzGerald Manuela Mirat Alicja Mortensen Beate Ulbrich Ruud Woutersen Ana Maria Rincon Laura Ruggeri Camilla Smeraldi Alexandra Tard Ursula Gundert‐Remy |
| author_sort | EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Indigo carmine (E 312) was re‐evaluated in 2014 by the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient sources added to Food (ANS). The ANS Panel confirmed the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 5 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for indigo carmine allocated by JECFA (1975). The ANS Panel indicated that the ADI was applicable to a material with a purity of 93% pure colouring and manufactured using processes resulting in comparable residuals as material used in the Borzelleca et al. studies (1985, 1986) and Borzelleca and Hogan (1985) which were the basis for deriving the ADI. The ANS Panel considered that any extension of the ADI to indigo carmine of lower purity and/or manufactured using a different process would require new data to address the adverse effects on the testes observed in the Dixit and Goyal (2013) study. Following a European Commission call for data to submit data to fill the data gaps, an IBO submitted technical and toxicological data. Considering the technical data, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF Panel) recommended some modifications of the existing EU specifications for E 132, mainly to lower the limits for toxic elements. Considering the toxicological data, an IBO has submitted a 56‐day dietary study to address the adverse effects on testes using a material with 88% purity. The results of this study submitted did not confirm the severe adverse effects observed in the Dixit and Goyal study. Considering all the available information, the Panel confirmed the ADI of 5 mg/kg bw per day for indigo carmine (E 132) disodium salts, meeting the proposed revisions of the specifications (85% minimum for the colouring matter). The Panel concluded that there is no safety concern for the use of indigo carmine (E 132) disodium salts at the reported use levels and submitted analytical data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T17:36:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8726e139260446e3a096666fa91ada60 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1831-4732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-03-21T02:38:32Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EFSA Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-8726e139260446e3a096666fa91ada602024-08-02T11:06:08ZengWileyEFSA Journal1831-47322023-07-01217n/an/a10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8103Follow‐up of the re‐evaluation of indigo carmine (E 132) as a food additiveEFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF)Maged YounesGabriele AquilinaGisela DegenKarl‐Heinz EngelPaul FowlerMaria Jose Frutos FernandezPeter FürstRainer GürtlerTrine HusøyMelania MancoWim MennesSabina PassamontiPeter MoldeusRomina ShahIne Waalkens‐BerendsenMatthew WrightKarlien CheynsReginald FitzGeraldManuela MiratAlicja MortensenBeate UlbrichRuud WoutersenAna Maria RinconLaura RuggeriCamilla SmeraldiAlexandra TardUrsula Gundert‐RemyAbstract Indigo carmine (E 312) was re‐evaluated in 2014 by the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient sources added to Food (ANS). The ANS Panel confirmed the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 5 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for indigo carmine allocated by JECFA (1975). The ANS Panel indicated that the ADI was applicable to a material with a purity of 93% pure colouring and manufactured using processes resulting in comparable residuals as material used in the Borzelleca et al. studies (1985, 1986) and Borzelleca and Hogan (1985) which were the basis for deriving the ADI. The ANS Panel considered that any extension of the ADI to indigo carmine of lower purity and/or manufactured using a different process would require new data to address the adverse effects on the testes observed in the Dixit and Goyal (2013) study. Following a European Commission call for data to submit data to fill the data gaps, an IBO submitted technical and toxicological data. Considering the technical data, the EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF Panel) recommended some modifications of the existing EU specifications for E 132, mainly to lower the limits for toxic elements. Considering the toxicological data, an IBO has submitted a 56‐day dietary study to address the adverse effects on testes using a material with 88% purity. The results of this study submitted did not confirm the severe adverse effects observed in the Dixit and Goyal study. Considering all the available information, the Panel confirmed the ADI of 5 mg/kg bw per day for indigo carmine (E 132) disodium salts, meeting the proposed revisions of the specifications (85% minimum for the colouring matter). The Panel concluded that there is no safety concern for the use of indigo carmine (E 132) disodium salts at the reported use levels and submitted analytical data.https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8103Indigo CarmineIndigotineE 132disodium 3,3‐dioxo‐2,2‐bi‐indolylidene‐5,5‐disulfonateanilinefood additive |
| spellingShingle | EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF) Maged Younes Gabriele Aquilina Gisela Degen Karl‐Heinz Engel Paul Fowler Maria Jose Frutos Fernandez Peter Fürst Rainer Gürtler Trine Husøy Melania Manco Wim Mennes Sabina Passamonti Peter Moldeus Romina Shah Ine Waalkens‐Berendsen Matthew Wright Karlien Cheyns Reginald FitzGerald Manuela Mirat Alicja Mortensen Beate Ulbrich Ruud Woutersen Ana Maria Rincon Laura Ruggeri Camilla Smeraldi Alexandra Tard Ursula Gundert‐Remy Follow‐up of the re‐evaluation of indigo carmine (E 132) as a food additive EFSA Journal Indigo Carmine Indigotine E 132 disodium 3,3‐dioxo‐2,2‐bi‐indolylidene‐5,5‐disulfonate aniline food additive |
| title | Follow‐up of the re‐evaluation of indigo carmine (E 132) as a food additive |
| title_full | Follow‐up of the re‐evaluation of indigo carmine (E 132) as a food additive |
| title_fullStr | Follow‐up of the re‐evaluation of indigo carmine (E 132) as a food additive |
| title_full_unstemmed | Follow‐up of the re‐evaluation of indigo carmine (E 132) as a food additive |
| title_short | Follow‐up of the re‐evaluation of indigo carmine (E 132) as a food additive |
| title_sort | follow up of the re evaluation of indigo carmine e 132 as a food additive |
| topic | Indigo Carmine Indigotine E 132 disodium 3,3‐dioxo‐2,2‐bi‐indolylidene‐5,5‐disulfonate aniline food additive |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8103 |
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