Economies of scale in constructing plant factories with artificial lighting and the economic viability of crop production

Since the introduction of LED lamps a decade ago, the plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) has been expected to be a savior that overcomes the food crisis, brings food safety, and enhances environmental friendliness. Despite such high expectations, the diffusion of commercial crop productio...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yunfei Zhuang, Na Lu, Shigeharu Shimamura, Atsushi Maruyama, Masao Kikuchi, Michiko Takagaki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.992194/full