Exhaled volatile fatty acids, ruminal methane emission, and their diurnal patterns in lactating dairy cows
ABSTRACT: To date, the commonly used methods to assess rumen fermentation are invasive. Exhaled breath contains hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that can reflect animal physiological processes. In the present study, for the first time, we aimed to use a noninvasive metabolomics approach...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203022300259X |
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| author | M.Z. Islam S. Giannoukos S.E. Räisänen K. Wang X. Ma F. Wahl R. Zenobi M. Niu |
| author_facet | M.Z. Islam S. Giannoukos S.E. Räisänen K. Wang X. Ma F. Wahl R. Zenobi M. Niu |
| author_sort | M.Z. Islam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: To date, the commonly used methods to assess rumen fermentation are invasive. Exhaled breath contains hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that can reflect animal physiological processes. In the present study, for the first time, we aimed to use a noninvasive metabolomics approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify rumen fermentation parameters in dairy cows. Enteric methane (CH4) production from 7 lactating cows was measured 8 times over 3 consecutive days using the GreenFeed system (C-Lock Technology Inc.). Simultaneously, exhalome samples were collected in Tedlar gas sampling bags and analyzed offline using a secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry system. In total, 1,298 features were detected, among them targeted exhaled volatile fatty acids (eVFA; i.e., acetate, propionate, butyrate), which were putatively annotated using their exact mass-to-charge ratio. The intensity of eVFA, in particular acetate, increased immediately after feeding and followed a similar pattern to that observed for ruminal CH4 production. The average total eVFA concentration was 35.5 count per second (CPS), and among the individual eVFA, acetate had the greatest concentration, averaging 21.3 CPS, followed by propionate at 11.5 CPS, and butyrate at 2.67 CPS. Further, exhaled acetate was on average the most abundant of the individual eVFA at around 59.3%, followed by 32.5 and 7.9% of the total eVFA for propionate and butyrate, respectively. This corresponds well with the previously reported proportions of these VFA in the rumen. The diurnal patterns of ruminal CH4 emission and individual eVFA were characterized using a linear mixed model with cosine function fit. The model characterized similar diurnal patterns for eVFA and ruminal CH4 and H2 production. Regarding the diurnal patterns of eVFA, the phase (time of peak) of butyrate occurred first, followed by that of acetate and propionate. Importantly, the phase of total eVFA occurred around 1 h before that of ruminal CH4. This corresponds well with existing data on the relationship between rumen VFA production and CH4 formation. Results from the present study revealed a great potential to assess the rumen fermentation of dairy cows using exhaled metabolites as a noninvasive proxy for rumen VFA. Further validation, with comparisons to rumen fluid, and establishment of the proposed method are required. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T22:27:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-895bbdf7668247e8ae85871bd601fb5e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T22:27:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-895bbdf7668247e8ae85871bd601fb5e2023-09-24T05:13:37ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022023-10-011061068496859Exhaled volatile fatty acids, ruminal methane emission, and their diurnal patterns in lactating dairy cowsM.Z. Islam0S. Giannoukos1S.E. Räisänen2K. Wang3X. Ma4F. Wahl5R. Zenobi6M. Niu7ETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zürich, SwitzerlandETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Analytical Chemistry, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Corresponding authorsETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zürich, SwitzerlandETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zürich, SwitzerlandETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zürich, SwitzerlandFood Microbial Systems Research Division, Agroscope, 3003 Bern, SwitzerlandETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Analytical Chemistry, 8093 Zürich, SwitzerlandETH Zürich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland; Corresponding authorsABSTRACT: To date, the commonly used methods to assess rumen fermentation are invasive. Exhaled breath contains hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that can reflect animal physiological processes. In the present study, for the first time, we aimed to use a noninvasive metabolomics approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry to identify rumen fermentation parameters in dairy cows. Enteric methane (CH4) production from 7 lactating cows was measured 8 times over 3 consecutive days using the GreenFeed system (C-Lock Technology Inc.). Simultaneously, exhalome samples were collected in Tedlar gas sampling bags and analyzed offline using a secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry system. In total, 1,298 features were detected, among them targeted exhaled volatile fatty acids (eVFA; i.e., acetate, propionate, butyrate), which were putatively annotated using their exact mass-to-charge ratio. The intensity of eVFA, in particular acetate, increased immediately after feeding and followed a similar pattern to that observed for ruminal CH4 production. The average total eVFA concentration was 35.5 count per second (CPS), and among the individual eVFA, acetate had the greatest concentration, averaging 21.3 CPS, followed by propionate at 11.5 CPS, and butyrate at 2.67 CPS. Further, exhaled acetate was on average the most abundant of the individual eVFA at around 59.3%, followed by 32.5 and 7.9% of the total eVFA for propionate and butyrate, respectively. This corresponds well with the previously reported proportions of these VFA in the rumen. The diurnal patterns of ruminal CH4 emission and individual eVFA were characterized using a linear mixed model with cosine function fit. The model characterized similar diurnal patterns for eVFA and ruminal CH4 and H2 production. Regarding the diurnal patterns of eVFA, the phase (time of peak) of butyrate occurred first, followed by that of acetate and propionate. Importantly, the phase of total eVFA occurred around 1 h before that of ruminal CH4. This corresponds well with existing data on the relationship between rumen VFA production and CH4 formation. Results from the present study revealed a great potential to assess the rumen fermentation of dairy cows using exhaled metabolites as a noninvasive proxy for rumen VFA. Further validation, with comparisons to rumen fluid, and establishment of the proposed method are required.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203022300259Xbovine exhalomeexhaled volatile fatty acidsnoninvasivesecondary electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | M.Z. Islam S. Giannoukos S.E. Räisänen K. Wang X. Ma F. Wahl R. Zenobi M. Niu Exhaled volatile fatty acids, ruminal methane emission, and their diurnal patterns in lactating dairy cows Journal of Dairy Science bovine exhalome exhaled volatile fatty acids noninvasive secondary electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry |
| title | Exhaled volatile fatty acids, ruminal methane emission, and their diurnal patterns in lactating dairy cows |
| title_full | Exhaled volatile fatty acids, ruminal methane emission, and their diurnal patterns in lactating dairy cows |
| title_fullStr | Exhaled volatile fatty acids, ruminal methane emission, and their diurnal patterns in lactating dairy cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exhaled volatile fatty acids, ruminal methane emission, and their diurnal patterns in lactating dairy cows |
| title_short | Exhaled volatile fatty acids, ruminal methane emission, and their diurnal patterns in lactating dairy cows |
| title_sort | exhaled volatile fatty acids ruminal methane emission and their diurnal patterns in lactating dairy cows |
| topic | bovine exhalome exhaled volatile fatty acids noninvasive secondary electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203022300259X |
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