Immune Complex Vaccine Strategies to Combat HIV-1 and Other Infectious Diseases
Immune complexes (ICs) made of antibody-bound antigens exhibit immunomodulatory activities exploitable in a vaccination strategy to optimize vaccine efficacy. The modulatory effects of ICs are typically attributed to the Fc fragments of the antibody components, which engage Fc receptors, complement...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/2/112 |
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| author | Alex F. Tang Gospel Enyindah-Asonye Catarina E. Hioe |
| author_facet | Alex F. Tang Gospel Enyindah-Asonye Catarina E. Hioe |
| author_sort | Alex F. Tang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Immune complexes (ICs) made of antibody-bound antigens exhibit immunomodulatory activities exploitable in a vaccination strategy to optimize vaccine efficacy. The modulatory effects of ICs are typically attributed to the Fc fragments of the antibody components, which engage Fc receptors, complement and complement receptors on various immune cells. These Fc-mediated functions facilitate the critical interplay between innate and adaptive immune systems to impact the quality and quantity of the elicited adaptive responses. In addition to the Fc contribution, the Fab fragment also plays an immunoregulation role. The antigen-binding domains of the Fab fragment can bind their specific epitopes at high affinity to sterically occlude these antigenic sites from recognition by other antibodies. Moreover, the Fab-mediated binding has been demonstrated to induce allosteric alterations at nearby or distant antigenic sites. In this review article, we survey published studies to illuminate how the immunomodulatory functions of ICs have been investigated or utilized in a vaccination strategy to fight against an array of infectious pathogens, culminating with IC vaccine designs aimed at preventing HIV-1 infection. In particular, we highlight IC vaccine candidates that exploit Fab-mediated steric and allosteric effects to direct antibody responses away or toward the V1V2 domain, the V3 loop, and other antigenic sites on the HIV-1 envelope gp120 glycoprotein. Like other HIV-1 vaccine approaches, the path for IC-based vaccines to reach the clinic faces major hurdles yet to be overcome; however, investigations into this vaccine strategy have provided insights into the multifaceted activities of antibodies beyond their conventional roles in the host defense against HIV-1 and other microbial pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:04:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8a762bffcf97458b8c41788022d6ff3a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:04:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-8a762bffcf97458b8c41788022d6ff3a2023-12-03T12:05:43ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2021-02-019211210.3390/vaccines9020112Immune Complex Vaccine Strategies to Combat HIV-1 and Other Infectious DiseasesAlex F. Tang0Gospel Enyindah-Asonye1Catarina E. Hioe2School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 533 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USAImmune complexes (ICs) made of antibody-bound antigens exhibit immunomodulatory activities exploitable in a vaccination strategy to optimize vaccine efficacy. The modulatory effects of ICs are typically attributed to the Fc fragments of the antibody components, which engage Fc receptors, complement and complement receptors on various immune cells. These Fc-mediated functions facilitate the critical interplay between innate and adaptive immune systems to impact the quality and quantity of the elicited adaptive responses. In addition to the Fc contribution, the Fab fragment also plays an immunoregulation role. The antigen-binding domains of the Fab fragment can bind their specific epitopes at high affinity to sterically occlude these antigenic sites from recognition by other antibodies. Moreover, the Fab-mediated binding has been demonstrated to induce allosteric alterations at nearby or distant antigenic sites. In this review article, we survey published studies to illuminate how the immunomodulatory functions of ICs have been investigated or utilized in a vaccination strategy to fight against an array of infectious pathogens, culminating with IC vaccine designs aimed at preventing HIV-1 infection. In particular, we highlight IC vaccine candidates that exploit Fab-mediated steric and allosteric effects to direct antibody responses away or toward the V1V2 domain, the V3 loop, and other antigenic sites on the HIV-1 envelope gp120 glycoprotein. Like other HIV-1 vaccine approaches, the path for IC-based vaccines to reach the clinic faces major hurdles yet to be overcome; however, investigations into this vaccine strategy have provided insights into the multifaceted activities of antibodies beyond their conventional roles in the host defense against HIV-1 and other microbial pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/2/112immune complexantibodiesFabFcHIV-1vaccine |
| spellingShingle | Alex F. Tang Gospel Enyindah-Asonye Catarina E. Hioe Immune Complex Vaccine Strategies to Combat HIV-1 and Other Infectious Diseases Vaccines immune complex antibodies Fab Fc HIV-1 vaccine |
| title | Immune Complex Vaccine Strategies to Combat HIV-1 and Other Infectious Diseases |
| title_full | Immune Complex Vaccine Strategies to Combat HIV-1 and Other Infectious Diseases |
| title_fullStr | Immune Complex Vaccine Strategies to Combat HIV-1 and Other Infectious Diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immune Complex Vaccine Strategies to Combat HIV-1 and Other Infectious Diseases |
| title_short | Immune Complex Vaccine Strategies to Combat HIV-1 and Other Infectious Diseases |
| title_sort | immune complex vaccine strategies to combat hiv 1 and other infectious diseases |
| topic | immune complex antibodies Fab Fc HIV-1 vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/2/112 |
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