Modifying Carbohydrate Supply to Fruit during Development Changes the Composition and Flavour of <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> ‘Zesy002’ Kiwifruit
Consumer acceptance of fruit is determined by size, flavour and ripeness. In this study we investigated how altering the carbohydrate supply to <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit altered the balance between growth and accumulation of metaboli...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1328 |
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| author | Danielle Le Lievre Rachelle Anderson Helen Boldingh Janine Cooney Richard Seelye Nick Gould Denise Hunter Dwayne Jensen Trisha Pereira Mark Wohlers Mike Clearwater Annette Richardson |
| author_facet | Danielle Le Lievre Rachelle Anderson Helen Boldingh Janine Cooney Richard Seelye Nick Gould Denise Hunter Dwayne Jensen Trisha Pereira Mark Wohlers Mike Clearwater Annette Richardson |
| author_sort | Danielle Le Lievre |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Consumer acceptance of fruit is determined by size, flavour and ripeness. In this study we investigated how altering the carbohydrate supply to <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit altered the balance between growth and accumulation of metabolites. Canes were phloem girdled and fruit thinned to a leaf-to-fruit ratio (L:F) of either 2 (Low carbohydrate) or 6 (High carbohydrate) at either 38 (Early) or 86 (Late) days after anthesis (DAA) and compared with ungirdled control canes with a L:F of 3. Fruit growth, metabolite accumulation, cytokinin concentrations and maturation were monitored and the sensory attributes of ripe fruit were assessed. The final weight of Early-High and Late-High carbohydrate fruit was 38% and 16% greater compared with control fruit. High carbohydrate fruit had increased starch, soluble sugar and cytokinin concentrations and fruit began to mature earlier and those with a Low carbohydrate had decreased concentrations and matured later compared with control fruit. Control fruit were described by consumers as more acidic and under-ripe compared with those from Early-High carbohydrate canes, but as sweeter than those from Low carbohydrate canes. This study showed that carbohydrate supply can have a major impact on the growth, sugar accumulation and maturity of ‘Zesy002’ fruit sinks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:57:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8aaf70de27084dd0acd3b6fb8152ed01 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:57:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-8aaf70de27084dd0acd3b6fb8152ed012023-11-22T02:14:10ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-06-01107132810.3390/plants10071328Modifying Carbohydrate Supply to Fruit during Development Changes the Composition and Flavour of <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> ‘Zesy002’ KiwifruitDanielle Le Lievre0Rachelle Anderson1Helen Boldingh2Janine Cooney3Richard Seelye4Nick Gould5Denise Hunter6Dwayne Jensen7Trisha Pereira8Mark Wohlers9Mike Clearwater10Annette Richardson11School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandTe Puke Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), 412 No. 1 Road, RD2, Te Puke 3182, New ZealandPFR, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandPFR, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandPFR, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandTe Puke Research Centre, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), 412 No. 1 Road, RD2, Te Puke 3182, New ZealandPFR, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New ZealandPFR, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandPFR, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandPFR, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New ZealandSchool of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandPFR, Kerikeri Research Centre, 121 Keri Downs Road, RD1, Kerikeri 0294, New ZealandConsumer acceptance of fruit is determined by size, flavour and ripeness. In this study we investigated how altering the carbohydrate supply to <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> ‘Zesy002’ kiwifruit altered the balance between growth and accumulation of metabolites. Canes were phloem girdled and fruit thinned to a leaf-to-fruit ratio (L:F) of either 2 (Low carbohydrate) or 6 (High carbohydrate) at either 38 (Early) or 86 (Late) days after anthesis (DAA) and compared with ungirdled control canes with a L:F of 3. Fruit growth, metabolite accumulation, cytokinin concentrations and maturation were monitored and the sensory attributes of ripe fruit were assessed. The final weight of Early-High and Late-High carbohydrate fruit was 38% and 16% greater compared with control fruit. High carbohydrate fruit had increased starch, soluble sugar and cytokinin concentrations and fruit began to mature earlier and those with a Low carbohydrate had decreased concentrations and matured later compared with control fruit. Control fruit were described by consumers as more acidic and under-ripe compared with those from Early-High carbohydrate canes, but as sweeter than those from Low carbohydrate canes. This study showed that carbohydrate supply can have a major impact on the growth, sugar accumulation and maturity of ‘Zesy002’ fruit sinks.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1328acidcytokiningirdlingkiwifruitleaf to fruit ratioconsumer |
| spellingShingle | Danielle Le Lievre Rachelle Anderson Helen Boldingh Janine Cooney Richard Seelye Nick Gould Denise Hunter Dwayne Jensen Trisha Pereira Mark Wohlers Mike Clearwater Annette Richardson Modifying Carbohydrate Supply to Fruit during Development Changes the Composition and Flavour of <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> ‘Zesy002’ Kiwifruit Plants acid cytokinin girdling kiwifruit leaf to fruit ratio consumer |
| title | Modifying Carbohydrate Supply to Fruit during Development Changes the Composition and Flavour of <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> ‘Zesy002’ Kiwifruit |
| title_full | Modifying Carbohydrate Supply to Fruit during Development Changes the Composition and Flavour of <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> ‘Zesy002’ Kiwifruit |
| title_fullStr | Modifying Carbohydrate Supply to Fruit during Development Changes the Composition and Flavour of <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> ‘Zesy002’ Kiwifruit |
| title_full_unstemmed | Modifying Carbohydrate Supply to Fruit during Development Changes the Composition and Flavour of <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> ‘Zesy002’ Kiwifruit |
| title_short | Modifying Carbohydrate Supply to Fruit during Development Changes the Composition and Flavour of <i>Actinidia chinensis</i> var. <i>chinensis</i> ‘Zesy002’ Kiwifruit |
| title_sort | modifying carbohydrate supply to fruit during development changes the composition and flavour of i actinidia chinensis i var i chinensis i zesy002 kiwifruit |
| topic | acid cytokinin girdling kiwifruit leaf to fruit ratio consumer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1328 |
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