Correlation between biomarkers of exposure, effect and potential harm in the urine of electronic cigarette users

Correlation between biomarkers of exposure, effect and potential harm in the urine of electronic cigarette users

Objectives To determine if urinary biomarkers of effect and potential harm are elevated in electronic cigarette users compared with non-smokers and if elevation correlates with increased concentrations of metals in urine.Study design and setting This was a cross-sectional study of biomarkers of expo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jun Li, Monique Williams, Prue Talbot, Maciej Lukasz Goniewicz, Shane Sakamaki-Ching, My Hua, Steve M Bates, Andrew N Robinson, Timothy W Lyons
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2020-09-01
Series:BMJ Open Respiratory Research
Online Access:https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000452.full

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https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000452.full

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