Single Photon Counting Performance and Noise Analysis of CMOS SPAD-Based Image Sensors
SPAD-based solid state CMOS image sensors utilising analogue integrators have attained deep sub-electron read noise (DSERN) permitting single photon counting (SPC) imaging. A new method is proposed to determine the read noise in DSERN image sensors by evaluating the peak separation and width (PSW) o...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-07-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1122 |
| _version_ | 1818038486139142144 |
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| author | Neale A. W. Dutton Istvan Gyongy Luca Parmesan Robert K. Henderson |
| author_facet | Neale A. W. Dutton Istvan Gyongy Luca Parmesan Robert K. Henderson |
| author_sort | Neale A. W. Dutton |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | SPAD-based solid state CMOS image sensors utilising analogue integrators have attained deep sub-electron read noise (DSERN) permitting single photon counting (SPC) imaging. A new method is proposed to determine the read noise in DSERN image sensors by evaluating the peak separation and width (PSW) of single photon peaks in a photon counting histogram (PCH). The technique is used to identify and analyse cumulative noise in analogue integrating SPC SPAD-based pixels. The DSERN of our SPAD image sensor is exploited to confirm recent multi-photon threshold quanta image sensor (QIS) theory. Finally, various single and multiple photon spatio-temporal oversampling techniques are reviewed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:43:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-8b930f137eb84c10bf0c0fed1724b6ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:43:30Z |
| publishDate | 2016-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-8b930f137eb84c10bf0c0fed1724b6ae2022-12-22T01:57:14ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202016-07-01167112210.3390/s16071122s16071122Single Photon Counting Performance and Noise Analysis of CMOS SPAD-Based Image SensorsNeale A. W. Dutton0Istvan Gyongy1Luca Parmesan2Robert K. Henderson3STMicroelectronics Imaging Division, Pinkhill, Edinburgh EH12 7BF, UKCMOS Sensors and Systems Group, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UKCMOS Sensors and Systems Group, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UKCMOS Sensors and Systems Group, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UKSPAD-based solid state CMOS image sensors utilising analogue integrators have attained deep sub-electron read noise (DSERN) permitting single photon counting (SPC) imaging. A new method is proposed to determine the read noise in DSERN image sensors by evaluating the peak separation and width (PSW) of single photon peaks in a photon counting histogram (PCH). The technique is used to identify and analyse cumulative noise in analogue integrating SPC SPAD-based pixels. The DSERN of our SPAD image sensor is exploited to confirm recent multi-photon threshold quanta image sensor (QIS) theory. Finally, various single and multiple photon spatio-temporal oversampling techniques are reviewed.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1122single photon avalanche diodeSPADCMOS image sensorCISsingle photon countingSPCquanta image sensorQISspatio-temporal oversampling |
| spellingShingle | Neale A. W. Dutton Istvan Gyongy Luca Parmesan Robert K. Henderson Single Photon Counting Performance and Noise Analysis of CMOS SPAD-Based Image Sensors Sensors single photon avalanche diode SPAD CMOS image sensor CIS single photon counting SPC quanta image sensor QIS spatio-temporal oversampling |
| title | Single Photon Counting Performance and Noise Analysis of CMOS SPAD-Based Image Sensors |
| title_full | Single Photon Counting Performance and Noise Analysis of CMOS SPAD-Based Image Sensors |
| title_fullStr | Single Photon Counting Performance and Noise Analysis of CMOS SPAD-Based Image Sensors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Single Photon Counting Performance and Noise Analysis of CMOS SPAD-Based Image Sensors |
| title_short | Single Photon Counting Performance and Noise Analysis of CMOS SPAD-Based Image Sensors |
| title_sort | single photon counting performance and noise analysis of cmos spad based image sensors |
| topic | single photon avalanche diode SPAD CMOS image sensor CIS single photon counting SPC quanta image sensor QIS spatio-temporal oversampling |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/16/7/1122 |
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