Comparing VIP and PD‐L1 expression as cancer biomarkers

Abstract Immune checkpoint molecules are critical targets of cancer therapies due to their ability to modulate immune responses to cancer. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has been proposed as an immune checkpoint molecule, but its predictive and prognostic values have not been established. We ev...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jojo Y. Liu, Hanwen Zhang, Sruthi Ravindranathan, Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Bassel F. El‐Rayes, Yuan Liu, Edmund K. Waller
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2022-12-01
Series:ImmunoMedicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/imed.1033