Associations between the cortisol awakening response and patient-evaluated stress and mood instability in patients with bipolar disorder: an exploratory study
Abstract Objective The Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) measured as the transient increase in cortisol levels following morning awakening appears to be a distinct feature of the HPA axis. Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) experience daily stress, mood instability (MI) and studies have shown disru...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
SpringerOpen
2021-03-01
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Series: | International Journal of Bipolar Disorders |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-020-00214-0 |