Upflow Direct Filtration and Downflow Direct Filtration: A Comparison with Emphasis on the Removal of Aerobic Spore-Forming Bacteria and Fluorescent Microspheres as Surrogates for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> Oocyst Removal

Upflow Direct Filtration and Downflow Direct Filtration: A Comparison with Emphasis on the Removal of Aerobic Spore-Forming Bacteria and Fluorescent Microspheres as Surrogates for <i>Cryptosporidium</i> Oocyst Removal

Monitoring the removal of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> oocysts in water treatment plants is a challenge, particularly in developing countries, and the use of surrogates has proven necessary. Two surrogates already investigated and recognized by the scientific community are aerobic spore-formin...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Álef Luan de Souza Pereira, Cristina Celia Silveira Brandão, Yovanka Pérez Ginoris, Carla Patrícia Pereira Alves
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-11-01
Series:Water
Subjects:
aerobic spore-forming bacteria
<i>Cryptosporidium</i> oocyst surrogates
direct filtration
contact filtration
granular filtration performance
drinking water treatment
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/15/22/4012

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